Phytotoxicity tests using higher plants are among the most simple, sensitive, and cost-effective of the methods available for ecotoxicity testing. In the present study, a hydroponic-based phytotoxicity test using seeds of Lactuca sativa was used to evaluate the water quality of receiving waters and effluents near two industrial sites (Soyo and Daejon) in Korea with respect to the toxicity of 10 metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, Zn) and phenol, and of the receiving waters and effluents themselves. First, the L. sativa hydroponic bioassay was used to determine whether the receiving water or effluents were toxic; then, the responsible toxicant was identified. The results obtained with the L. sativa bioassay ranked the EC₅₀ toxicities of the investigated metal ions and phenol as: Cd > Ni > Cu > Zn > Hg > phenol > As > Mn > Cr > Pb > Fe. We found that Zn was the toxicant principally responsible for toxicity in Daejeon effluents. The Daejeon field effluent had a higher Zn concentration than permitted by the effluent discharge criteria of the Ministry of Environment of Korea. Our conclusion on the importance of Zn toxicity was supported by the results of the L. sativa hydroponic assay, which showed that the concentration of Zn required to inhibit root elongation in L. sativa by 50% (EC₅₀) was higher in the Daejeon field effluent than that of pure Zn. More importantly, we proved that the L. sativa hydroponic test method can be applied not only as an alternative tool for determining whether a given waste is acceptable for discharge into public water bodies, but also as an alternative method for measuring the safety of aquatic environments using EC₂₀ values, with respect to the water pollutants investigated (i.e., Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, Zn, and phenol).

使用高等植物进行的植物毒性试验是生态毒性试验中最简单、最灵敏且最具成本效益的方法之一。在本研究中，使用莴苣种子进行基于水培的植物毒性测试，用于评估韩国两个工业场地（Soyo 和 Daejon）附近的受纳水体和废水的水质，其中涉及 10 种金属（As、As、镉、铬、铜、铁、铅、锰、汞、镍、锌）和苯酚，以及接收水和废水本身。首先， L 。采用苜蓿水培生物测定法来确定接收水或废水是否有毒；然后，确定了肇事毒物。苜蓿生物测定结果将所研究的金属离子和苯酚的 EC ₅₀毒性排序为：Cd > Ni > Cu > Zn > Hg > 苯酚 > As > Mn > Cr > Pb > Fe。我们发现锌是造成大田废水毒性的主要原因。大田田废水中的锌浓度高于韩国环境部废水排放标准允许的浓度。我们关于锌毒性重要性的结论得到了苜蓿水培测定结果的支持，该测定结果表明，在大田田地中，抑制苜蓿根部伸长 50% (EC ₅₀ ) 所需的锌浓度较高废水比纯锌。更重要的是，我们证明了L. 苜蓿水培测试方法不仅可以用作确定给定废物是否可以排放到公共水体中的替代工具，还可以作为使用 EC ₂₀值测量水生环境安全性的替代方法。调查的水污染物（即镉、铬、铜、铅、锰、汞、镍、锌和苯酚）。