This Focus Review gathers together a selection of methods for the chemical phosphorylation of phenols that employ three‐ and four‐coordinate phosphorus compounds. Phosphorylated scaffolds can exhibit enhanced properties compared to their non‐phosphorylated analogues, such as increased biological activity and increased/decreased solubility; as such, phosphorus compounds have gained more and more interest in organic and medicinal chemistry. Phosphate esters are valuable intermediates in drug synthesis and, from this point of view, a knowledge of effective and selective methods for chemical phosphorylation is essential. Furthermore, phosphates form the basis of a large number of herbicides, insecticides, and nerve agents and they can act as flame retardants and plasticizers to protect or enhance the properties of various materials, such as textiles, furniture, or plastics.

中文翻译：

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苯酚的化学磷酸化和硫代磷酸化的精选方法

本《聚焦评论》汇集了使用三配位和四配位磷化合物的酚类化学磷酸化方法的精选。磷酸化的支架与其非磷酸化的类似物相比可以表现出增强的性能，例如增加的生物活性和增加的/降低的溶解度；因此，磷化合物对有机和药物化学越来越感兴趣。磷酸酯是药物合成中有价值的中间体，从这个观点出发，对化学磷酸化的有效和选择性方法的了解是必不可少的。此外，磷酸盐是大量除草剂，杀虫剂和神经毒剂的基础，它们可以用作阻燃剂和增塑剂，以保护或增强各种材料（例如纺织品，