The aim of the study was to monitor the operational sustainability and efficacy of rainwater harvesting solar pasteurization (SOPAS) treatment systems installed in a local informal settlement in Stellenbosch, South Africa. Indicator organisms, cations and anions were routinely monitored in the tank water before (untreated) and after SOPAS treatment, while molecular-based techniques were used to identify and quantify pathogens associated with rainwater sources. The operational sustainability of the systems was monitored to determine the volume of water produced, the total water usage by the end-user households and the required system maintenance. Anions and cations analyzed for in the untreated and SOPAS treated rainwater were within national and international drinking water guidelines, with the exception of zinc which exceeded the limits in all samples. Additionally, the total coliform, E. coli, fecal coliform and heterotrophic bacteria counts exceeded drinking water guideline limits in 100%, 55%, 36% and 100% of the unpasteurized tank water samples (n = 11), respectively. However, a minimum pasteurization temperature of 66 °C was required to reduce all indicator organism counts to within drinking water standards. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that Legionella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella spp. were still detected following SOPAS treatment. Monitoring of the operational sustainability of the systems indicated that minimal system maintenance was required and that the systems were effectively able to provide water to the participating households during the rainfall periods. Based on microbiological indicator analyses, the SOPAS systems may be used in rural areas and informal settlements for the provision of an alternative water source.

中文翻译：

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雨水收集太阳能巴氏杀菌处理系统，用于在郊区非正式住区提供替代水源†

这项研究的目的是监测安装在南非斯泰伦博斯当地一个非正式居住区的雨水收集太阳巴氏杀菌（SOPAS）处理系统的运行可持续性和有效性。在SOPAS处理之前（未经处理）和处理之后，定期在储罐水中常规监测指示性生物，阳离子和阴离子，同时使用基于分子的技术来识别和量化与雨水源相关的病原体。监测系统的运行可持续性，以确定产生的水量，最终用户家庭的总用水量以及所需的系统维护。未经处理和经SOPAS处理的雨水中分析的阴离子和阳离子均在国家和国际饮用水准则范围内，除锌超过所有样品的限量外。此外，总大肠菌群在未经巴氏消毒的罐装水样本中，大肠杆菌，粪便大肠菌群和异养细菌的数量分别超过饮用水准则的限制（n = 11），分别为100％，55％，36％和100％。但是，需要最低巴氏灭菌温度为66°C，才能将所有指示生物的数量减少到饮用水标准之内。定量PCR分析证实了军团菌属，假单胞菌属。和沙门氏菌spp。SOPAS处理后仍可检测到。监测系统的运行可持续性表明，仅需最少的系统维护，并且该系统能够有效地在降雨期间向参与的家庭提供水。根据微生物指标分析，SOPAS系统可用于农村地区和非正式住区，以提供替代水源。