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Phase Transitioning the Centrosome into a Microtubule Nucleator
Biochemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01064
Michael J. Rale 1 , Rachel S. Kadzik 1 , Sabine Petry 1
Affiliation  

Centrosomes are self-assembling, micron-scale, nonmembrane bound organelles that nucleate microtubules (MTs) and organize the microtubule cytoskeleton of the cell. They orchestrate critical cellular processes such as ciliary-based motility, vesicle trafficking, and cell division. Much is known about the role of the centrosome in these contexts, but we have a less comprehensive understanding of how the centrosome assembles and generates microtubules. Studies over the past 10 years have fundamentally shifted our view of these processes. Subdiffraction imaging has probed the amorphous haze of material surrounding the core of the centrosome revealing a complex, hierarchically organized structure whose composition and size changes profoundly during the transition from interphase to mitosis. New biophysical insights into protein phase transitions, where a diffuse protein spontaneously separates into a locally concentrated, nonmembrane bounded compartment, have provided a fresh perspective into how the centrosome might rapidly condense from diffuse cytoplasmic components. In this Perspective, we focus on recent findings that identify several centrosomal proteins that undergo phase transitions. We discuss how to reconcile these results with the current model of the underlying organization of proteins in the centrosome. Furthermore, we reflect on how these findings impact our understanding of how the centrosome undergoes self-assembly and promotes MT nucleation.

中文翻译:

将中心体相转变为微管成核剂

中心体是自组装的,微米级的,非膜结合的细胞器,能使微管(MTs)成核并组织细胞的微管细胞骨架。他们协调关键的细胞过程,例如基于睫毛的运动性,囊泡运输和细胞分裂。人们对中心体在这些情况下的作用了解很多,但我们对中心体如何组装和产生微管的了解还不够全面。过去10年的研究从根本上改变了我们对这些过程的看法。亚衍射成像探测了围绕着中心体核心的无定形雾状物质,揭示了一个复杂的,层次结构化的结构,其结构和大小在从相间到有丝分裂的过渡过程中发生了深刻的变化。有关蛋白质相变的新生物物理学见解,在这种情况下,弥漫性蛋白质自发地分离成局部集中的,无膜结合的区室,这为中心体如何从弥散的细胞质成分中快速凝结提供了新的视角。在本《观点》中,我们重点关注最近的发现,这些发现确定了经历相变的几种中心体蛋白。我们讨论如何将这些结果与中心体中蛋白质的基础组织的当前模型相协调。此外,我们反思这些发现如何影响我们对中心体如何进行自我组装并促进MT成核的理解。在本《观点》中,我们重点关注最近的发现,这些发现确定了经历相变的几种中心体蛋白。我们讨论如何将这些结果与中心体中蛋白质的基础组织的当前模型相协调。此外,我们反思这些发现如何影响我们对中心体如何进行自我组装并促进MT成核的理解。在本《观点》中,我们重点关注最近的发现,这些发现确定了经历相变的几种中心体蛋白。我们讨论如何将这些结果与中心体中蛋白质的基础组织的当前模型相协调。此外,我们反思这些发现如何影响我们对中心体如何进行自我组装并促进MT成核的理解。
更新日期:2017-12-19
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