Genetic engineering by viral infection of single cells is useful to study complex systems such as the brain. However, available methods for infecting single cells have drawbacks that limit their applications. Here we describe 'virus stamping', in which viruses are reversibly bound to a delivery vehicle-a functionalized glass pipette tip or magnetic nanoparticles in a pipette-that is brought into physical contact with the target cell on a surface or in tissue, using mechanical or magnetic forces. Different single cells in the same tissue can be infected with different viruses and an individual cell can be simultaneously infected with different viruses. We use rabies, lenti, herpes simplex, and adeno-associated viruses to drive expression of fluorescent markers or a calcium indicator in target cells in cell culture, mouse retina, human brain organoid, and the brains of live mice. Virus stamping provides a versatile solution for targeted single-cell infection of diverse cell types, both in vitro and in vivo.

中文翻译：

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体外和体内针对目标单细胞感染的病毒标记。

通过单细胞的病毒感染进行的基因工程对研究复杂系统（例如大脑）很有用。然而，用于感染单个细胞的可用方法具有限制其应用的缺点。在这里，我们描述了“病毒标记”，其中病毒可逆地绑定到传递工具（功能化的玻璃移液器吸头或移液器中的磁性纳米粒子），并使用机械将其与表面或组织中的目标细胞进行物理接触。或磁力。同一组织中的不同单细胞可以感染不同的病毒，而单个细胞可以同时感染不同的病毒。我们使用狂犬病，慢病毒，单纯疱疹和腺相关病毒在细胞培养，小鼠视网膜，人脑类器官和活老鼠的大脑。病毒标记为体外和体内多种细胞类型的靶向单细胞感染提供了通用的解决方案。