Biomass is the only realistic major alternative source (to crude oil) of hydrocarbon substrates for the commercial synthesis of bulk and fine chemicals. Within biomass, terrestrial sources are the most accessible, and therein lignocellulosic materials are most abundant. Although lignin shows promise for the delivery of certain types of organic molecules, cellulose is a biopolymer with significant potential for conversion into high‐volume and high‐value chemicals. This review covers the acid‐catalyzed conversion of lower value (poly)carbohydrates into valorized organic building‐block chemicals (platform molecules). It focuses on those conversions performed in aqueous media or ionic liquids to provide the reader with a perspective on what can be considered a best case scenario, that is, that the overall process is as sustainable as possible.

中文翻译：

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在水介质和离子液体中酸催化的碳水化合物转化为增值的小分子

生物质是用于工业合成散装和精细化学品的唯一现实的主要替代烃来源（可替代原油）。在生物质中，陆地资源最容易获得，其中木质纤维素材料最丰富。尽管木质素显示出输送某些类型有机分子的希望，但是纤维素是一种生物聚合物，具有转化为高容量和高价值化学品的巨大潜力。这篇综述涵盖了酸催化的低价值（多元）碳水化合物向增值有机构件化学成分（平台分子）的转化。它着重于在水性介质或离子液体中进行的那些转换，以使读者对可以认为是最佳情况的看法，即整个过程尽可能地可持续。