Bacterial cellulose aerogels/silica aerogels (BCAs/SAs) are prepared using three-dimensional self-assembled BC skeleton as reinforcement and methyltriethoxysilane derived silica aerogels as filler through vacuum infiltration and freeze drying. The BCAs/SAs possess a hierarchical cellular structure giving them superelasticity and recyclable compressibility. The BCAs/SAs can bear a compressive strain up to 80% and recover their original shapes after the release of the stress. The BCAs/SAs exhibit super-hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152° and super-oleophilicity resulting from the methyl groups on the surface of silica aerogel filler. This endows the BCAs/SAs outstanding oil absorbing capability with the quality factor Q from 8 to 14 for organic solvents and oils. Moreover, the absorbed oil can be retrieved by mechanically squeezed with a recovery of 88% related to the superelastic ability of the composites. In addition, the oil absorbing of BS/SAs could be well maintained with the quality factor Q about 11 for gasoline after harsh conditional treatment down to -200 °C and up to 300 °C. Such outstanding elastic and oleophilic properties make the BC/SAs tremendous potential for applications of oil absorbing, recovery and oil-water separation.

细菌纤维素气凝胶/二氧化硅气凝胶（BCAs / SAs）是使用三维自组装的BC骨架作为增强材料，并通过真空渗透和冷冻干燥将甲基三乙氧基硅烷衍生的二氧化硅气凝胶用作填充剂而制备的。BCA / SA具有分级的细胞结构，使其具有超弹性和可回收的可压缩性。BCA / SA可以承受高达80％的压缩应变，并在应力释放后恢复其原始形状。BCA / SA具有152°的接触角，具有超疏水性，而二氧化硅气凝胶填料表面的甲基则具有超亲油性。这赋予了BCA / SA出色的吸油能力，对于有机溶剂和油，其品质因数Q从8到14。而且，吸收的油可以通过机械挤压回收，回收率达88％，与复合材料的超弹性有关。此外，经过低至-200°C和最高300°C的苛刻条件处理后，可以很好地保持BS / SA的吸油率，并且汽油的品质因数Q约为11。如此出色的弹性和亲油性能使BC / SA在吸油，采油和油水分离方面的应用具有巨大的潜力。