A phosphorus-bearing product (S-PAL) obtained from nutrient-rich wastewater was reused as ameliorant for Cu, Pb and Cd immobilization in contaminated soil with three different rates (1%, 5% and 10% w/w). The 0.01 mol/L CaCl₂ -extractability of metals significantly reduced with increasing rate of PAL and S-PAL in the first 7-day immobilization and insignificantly changed after 14-day immobilization. Compared with PAL, the lower metal extractability was observed after S-PAL addition. The BCR sequential extraction results showed that both of amendments were beneficial to transform acid soluble fraction to residual fraction. The XRD patterns of soil samples after immobilization evidenced that the formation of metal-bearing phosphate precipitates and the combination between functional groups such as Si-OH and metals played a key role for metal immobilization by S-PAL and PAL. Dominant phyla across all samples were Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and the relative abundance of Fusobacteria decreased under S-PAL treatment. The pH-dependent leaching test indicated that the metal release at a defined pH was not affected by the presence of PAL. Compared with S-PAL, the metals amended by PAL in soil were easier to release at acidic pH since the combination between functional groups and metals instead the formation of new metal-bearing precipitate.

从营养丰富的废水中获得的含磷产品（S-PAL）以三种不同的比率（分别为1％，5％和10％w / w）重用于固定化Cu，Pb和Cd在污染土壤中的改良剂。0.01 mol / L氯化钙₂在最初的7天固定化过程中，金属的可萃取性随着PAL和S-PAL比率的增加而显着降低，而在14天固定化之后，金属的可萃取性变化不明显。与PAL相比，添加S-PAL后金属的可萃取性较低。BCR顺序萃取结果表明，两种修饰都有助于将酸溶级分转化为残留级分。固定后土壤样品的XRD图谱表明，含金属的磷酸盐沉淀的形成以及诸如Si-OH和金属等官能团的结合对S-PAL和PAL固定金属起着关键作用。所有样品中的主要门系均为梭菌，变形杆菌和放线菌。，并且在S-PAL处理下，梭菌的相对丰度降低了。pH依赖的浸出试验表明，在规定的pH值下，金属的释放不受PAL的存在的影响。与S-PAL相比，在土壤中被PAL修饰的金属在酸性pH下更容易释放，因为官能团和金属之间的结合会形成新的含金属沉淀物。