New Insights into the Photochemical Degradation of the Insensitive Munition Formulation IMX-101 in Water,Environmental Science & Technology

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New Insights into the Photochemical Degradation of the Insensitive Munition Formulation IMX-101 in Water
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04878
Annamaria Halasz ₁ , Jalal Hawari ₁ , Nancy N. Perreault ₁

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This study describes photolysis of the insensitive munition formulation IMX-101 [2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), NQ (nitroguanidine), and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)] in aqueous solutions using a solar simulating photoreactor. Due to a large variance in the water solubility of the three constituents DNAN (276 mg L^–1), NQ (5,000 mg L^–1), and NTO (16,642 mg L^–1), two solutions of IMX-101 were prepared: one with low concentration (109.3 mg L^–1) and another with high concentration (2831 mg L^–1). The degradation rate constants of DNAN, NQ, and NTO (0.137, 0.075, and 0.202 d^–1, respectively) in the low concentration solution were lower than those of the individually photolyzed components (0.262, 1.181, and 0.349 d^–1, respectively). In the high concentration solution, the molar loss of NTO was 4.3 times higher than that of NQ after 7 days of irradiation, although NQ was two times more concentrated and that NQ alone degraded faster than NTO. In addition to the known degradation products, DNAN removal in IMX-101 was accompanied by multiple productions of methoxydinitrophenols, which were not observed during photolysis of DNAN alone. One route for the formation of methoxydinitrophenols was suggested to involve photonitration of the DNAN photoproduct methoxynitrophenol during simultaneous photodenitration of NQ and NTO in IMX-101. Indeed, when DNAN was photolyzed in the presence of ¹⁵NO₂-labeled explosive CL-20, we detected methoxydinitrophenols with an increase of 1 mass unit, indicating that denitration of DNAN and renitration of products simultaneously occurred. As was the case with DNAN, we found that guanidine, a primary degradation product of NQ, also underwent renitration in the presence of NTO and the photocatalyst TiO₂. We concluded that the three constituents of IMX-101 can be photodegraded in surface water and that fate and primary degradation products of IMX-101 can be influenced by the interactions between the formulation ingredients and their degradation products.

中文翻译：

水中不敏感弹药配方IMX-101光化学降解的新见解

这项研究描述了不敏感弹药配方IMX-101 [2,4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN），NQ（硝基胍）和3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）]的光解作用使用太阳能模拟光反应器。由于三种成分DNAN（276 mg L ^–1），NQ（5,000 mg L ^–1）和NTO（16,642 mg L ^–1）的水溶性差异很大，因此制备了两种IMX-101溶液：一种浓度低（109.3 mg L ^–1），另一种浓度高（2831 mg L ^–1）。DNAN，NQ和NTO的降解速率常数（0.137、0.075和0.202 d ^–1分别在低浓度溶液中低于分别光解的组分（分别为0.262、1.181和0.349 d ^–1）。在高浓度溶液中，辐照7天后，NTO的摩尔损失比NQ高4.3倍，尽管NQ的浓度高两倍，而且单独的NQ降解速度比NTO快。除了已知的降解产物外，IMX-101中DNAN的去除还伴随着甲氧基二硝基苯酚的多次生成，而在单独的DNAN光解过程中没有观察到这种生成。提出了一种形成甲氧基二硝基苯酚的途径，涉及在IMX-101中同时对NQ和NTO进行光脱氮时，对DNAN光产物甲氧基硝基苯酚进行光硝化。确实，当DNAN在以下条件下被光解时^用15 NO ₂标记的CL-20炸药，我们检测到甲氧基二硝基苯酚的质量单位增加了1，表明DNAN的脱硝和产品的重新硝化同时发生。与DNAN的情况一样，我们发现NQ的主要降解产物胍也在NTO和光催化剂TiO ₂的存在下进行了重氮化。我们得出的结论是，IMX-101的三种成分可以在地表水中进行光降解，并且配方成分及其降解产物之间的相互作用会影响IMX-101的命运和主要降解产物。

更新日期：2018-01-05

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