Designing the crystalline structure of calcium phosphate seed minerals in organic templates for sustainable phosphorus management,Green Chemistry

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Designing the crystalline structure of calcium phosphate seed minerals in organic templates for sustainable phosphorus management
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7gc02634j
Doyoon Kim _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Tong Wu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Melanie Cohen _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Inhyeong Jeon _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Young-Shin Jun _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Global phosphorus (P) should be managed more sustainably to secure food, energy, and water for a growing population. Despite the abundance of calcium in most environments, we have not fully utilized its thermodynamic stability to form calcium phosphate minerals (CaP) for aqueous P management. In this study, we showed that the energy barriers to CaP nucleation can be reduced by seeding reactive CaP nuclei in calcium alginate beads. The CaP nucleation kinetics enhanced by seeds effectively immobilized aqueous P into the macroscale beads, which can be reused as a slow-release fertilizer. Given that more developed CaP crystalline seeds have a lower solubility than does an amorphous structure, equilibrium P concentration was regulated successfully by the seed crystallinity during both the removal and release processes. A simultaneous seed nucleation during alginate gelation enabled control of the degree of the seeds’ crystallization without using any hazardous substance or additional energy input. Poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite CaP seeds effectively decreased aqueous P concentration from 200 to 22.7 μM within one day at a final pH 7.2 (96.4 mg P g⁻¹ dry seed). After P recovery, the beads were moved to a P-deficient environment to be evaluated as a slow-release fertilizer. Utilizing the thermodynamic stability of CaP at neutral pH, this approach highlights a potential application of naturally abundant biomaterials for sustainable P management.

中文翻译：

设计有机模板中的磷酸钙种子矿物质的晶体结构，以实现可持续的磷管理

应更可持续地管理全球磷（P），以确保不断增长的人口获得食物，能源和水。尽管在大多数环境中钙含量很高，但我们尚未充分利用其热力学稳定性来形成用于水磷管理的磷酸钙矿物质（CaP）。在这项研究中，我们表明，通过在藻酸钙珠粒中播种反应性CaP核可以减少CaP核形成的能垒。种子增强了CaP的成核动力学，有效地将P水溶液固定在了大型珠粒上，可以将其重新用作缓释肥料。鉴于更发达的CaP晶种的溶解度低于无定形结构，因此在去除和释放过程中，平衡的P浓度均受晶种结晶度的调节。在藻酸盐胶凝过程中同时进行晶核形成，可以控制晶种的结晶程度，而无需使用任何有害物质或额外的能量输入。在最终pH 7.2（96.4 mg P g^-1干种子）。回收磷后，将珠粒移至缺磷环境中，作为缓释肥料进行评估。利用CaP在中性pH值下的热力学稳定性，该方法强调了天然丰富的生物材料在可持续磷管理中的潜在应用。

更新日期：2018-01-22

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