The detection of cancer biomarkers represents an important aspect of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Recently, the concept of liquid biopsy has been introduced whereby diagnosis and prognosis are performed by means of analyzing biological fluids obtained from patients to detect and quantify circulating cancer biomarkers. Unlike conventional biopsy whereby primary tumor cells are analyzed, liquid biopsy enables the detection of a wide variety of circulating cancer biomarkers, including microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), proteins, exosomes and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Among the various techniques that have been developed to detect circulating cancer biomarkers, nanoplasmonic sensors represent a promising measurement approach due to high sensitivity and specificity as well as ease of instrumentation and operation. In this review, we discuss the relevance and applicability of three different categories of nanoplasmonic sensing techniques, namely surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), for the detection of different classes of circulating cancer biomarkers.

癌症生物标志物的检测代表了癌症诊断和预后的重要方面。近来，已经引入了液体活检的概念，其中通过分析从患者获得的生物流体以检测和定量循环的癌症生物标志物来进行诊断和预后。与传统的活检不同，传统的活检需要分析原发性肿瘤细胞，液体活检可以检测多种循环癌症生物标志物，包括microRNA（miRNA），循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA），蛋白质，外来体和循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）。在开发用于检测循环癌症生物标志物的各种技术中，纳米等离子体传感器由于其高灵敏度和特异性以及易于仪器和操作而代表了一种有前途的测量方法。在这篇评论中，