Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的稳态细胞，在其形态和功能上表现出显着的异质性。星形胶质细胞除了对神经元提供物理和代谢支持外，还调节血脑屏障，调节中枢神经系统突触形成，指导轴突寻路，维持脑稳态，影响神经元发育和可塑性，并通过分泌的蛋白质促成多种神经病理学。星形细胞蛋白质组和分泌组谱的鉴定为神经元健康和生存的维持，脑损伤的发病机制以及神经变性提供了新的见识。蛋白质组学研究的最新进展提供了星形胶质细胞分泌蛋白的出色目录。这篇评论对星形胶质细胞分泌的蛋白质进行了分类，并讨论了星形胶质细胞在神经元活动和脑功能中起关键作用的证据。对星形胶质细胞分泌蛋白及其途径的深入了解对于开发新策略以恢复脑稳态，限制脑损伤/炎症，抵抗神经变性和获得功能恢复至关重要。