Two essential structural elements define a class of materials called conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). The first is a polymer framework with an electronically delocalized, π-conjugated structure. This component allows one to adjust desirable optical and electronic properties, for example the range of wavelengths absorbed, emission quantum yields, electron affinity, and ionization potential. The second defining feature is the presence of ionic functionalities, which are usually linked via tethers that can modulate the distance of the charged groups relative to the backbone. These ionic groups render CPEs distinct relative to their neutral conjugated polymer counterparts. Solubility in polar solvents, including aqueous media, is an immediately obvious difference. This feature has enabled the development of optically amplified biosensor protocols and the fabrication of multilayer organic semiconductor devices through deposition techniques using solvents with orthogonal properties. Important but less obvious potential advantages must also be considered. For example, CPE layers have been used to introduce interfacial dipoles and thus modify the effective work function of adjacent electrodes. One can thereby modulate the barriers for charge injection into semiconductor layers and improve the device efficiencies of organic light-emitting diodes and solar cells. With a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic ionic sites, CPEs can also be used as dispersants for insoluble materials.

中文翻译：

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窄带隙共轭聚电解质

两个基本的结构元素定义了一类称为共轭聚电解质（CPE）的材料。第一个是具有电子离域的π共轭结构的聚合物骨架。这一成分使人们能够调节所需的光学和电子特性，例如吸收的波长范围，发射量子产率，电子亲和力和电离势。第二个定义特征是存在离子官能团，这些离子官能团通常通过可调节带电基团相对于骨架主链距离的系链连接。这些离子基团使CPE相对于其中性共轭聚合物对应物有所区别。在极性溶剂（包括水性介质）中的溶解度是立即明显的区别。通过使用具有正交性质的溶剂的沉积技术，该功能使光放大生物传感器协议的开发和多层有机半导体器件的制造成为可能。还必须考虑重要但不太明显的潜在优势。例如，CPE层已被用来引入界面偶极子，从而改变了相邻电极的有效功函数。从而可以调制用于将电荷注入到半导体层中的势垒，并提高有机发光二极管和太阳能电池的器件效率。CPE具有疏水性主链和亲水性离子位点，也可用作不溶性材料的分散剂。还必须考虑重要但不太明显的潜在优势。例如，CPE层已被用来引入界面偶极子，从而改变了相邻电极的有效功函数。从而可以调制用于将电荷注入到半导体层中的势垒，并提高有机发光二极管和太阳能电池的器件效率。CPE具有疏水性主链和亲水性离子位点，也可用作不溶性材料的分散剂。还必须考虑重要但不太明显的潜在优势。例如，CPE层已被用来引入界面偶极子，从而改变了相邻电极的有效功函数。从而可以调制用于将电荷注入到半导体层中的势垒，并提高有机发光二极管和太阳能电池的器件效率。CPE具有疏水性主链和亲水性离子位点，也可用作不溶性材料的分散剂。从而可以调制用于将电荷注入到半导体层中的势垒，并提高有机发光二极管和太阳能电池的器件效率。CPE具有疏水性主链和亲水性离子位点，也可用作不溶性材料的分散剂。从而可以调制用于将电荷注入到半导体层中的势垒，并提高有机发光二极管和太阳能电池的器件效率。CPE具有疏水性主链和亲水性离子位点，也可用作不溶性材料的分散剂。