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Uptake, tissue distribution, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.017
Jordan A Pitt 1 , Jordan S Kozal 2 , Nishad Jayasundara 3 , Andrey Massarsky 2 , Rafael Trevisan 2 , Nick Geitner 4 , Mark Wiesner 4 , Edward D Levin 5 , Richard T Di Giulio 2
Affiliation  

Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern and comprises the majority of anthropogenic debris in the ocean, including macro, micro, and likely nanoscale (less than 100nm in at least one dimension) plastic particles. While the toxicity of macroplastics and microplastics is relatively well studied, the toxicity of nanoplastics is largely uncharacterized. Here, fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) were used to investigate the potential toxicity of nanoplastics in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as to characterize the uptake and distribution of the particles within embryos and larvae. Zebrafish embryos at 6h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to PS NPs (0.1, 1, or 10ppm) until 120 hpf. Our results demonstrate that PS NPs accumulated in the yolk sac as early as 24 hpf and migrated to the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, heart, and brain throughout development (48-120 hpf). Accumulation of PS NPs decreased during the depuration phase (120-168 hpf) in all organs, but at a slower rate in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. Notably, exposure to PS NPs did not induce significant mortality, deformities, or changes to mitochondrial bioenergetics, but did decrease the heart rate. Lastly, exposure to PS NPs altered larval behavior as evidenced by swimming hypoactivity in exposed larvae. Taken together, these data suggest that at least some nanoplastics can penetrate the chorion of developing zebrafish, accumulate in the tissues, and affect physiology and behavior, potentially affecting organismal fitness in contaminated aquatic ecosystems.

中文翻译:

斑马鱼(斑马鱼)中聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒的吸收,组织分布和毒性。

塑料污染是一个关键的环境问题,它包含海洋中大部分的人为碎片,包括宏观,微观和可能的纳米级(至少一维小于100nm)塑料颗粒。尽管对大分子塑料和微塑料的毒性进行了比较充分的研究,但纳米塑料的毒性在很大程度上尚未得到表征。在这里,荧光聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒(PS NPs)被用来研究纳米塑料在发育中的斑马鱼(Danio rerio)中的潜在毒性,以及表征颗粒在胚胎和幼虫中的吸收和分布。受精后6h(hpf)的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于PS NP(0.1、1或10ppm),直到120 hpf。我们的结果表明PS NP早在24 hpf时就积累在卵黄囊中并迁移到胃肠道,胆囊,肝脏,胰腺,心脏和大脑在整个发育过程中(48-120 hpf)。在净化阶段(120-168 hpf),所有器官中PS NP的积累都减少了,但是在胰腺和胃肠道中的积累速度却变慢了。值得注意的是,暴露于PS NPs不会引起明显的死亡率,畸形或线粒体生物能学变化,但确实会降低心率。最后,暴露于PS NP可以改变幼虫的行为,如在暴露的幼虫中游泳不活跃所证明的。综上所述,这些数据表明,至少一些纳米塑料可以穿透发育中的斑马鱼的绒毛膜,积累在组织中,并影响生理和行为,从而可能影响受污染水生生态系统的生物适应性。在净化阶段(120-168 hpf),所有器官中PS NP的积累都减少了,但是在胰腺和胃肠道中的积累速度却变慢了。值得注意的是,暴露于PS NPs不会引起明显的死亡率,畸形或线粒体生物能学变化,但确实会降低心率。最后,暴露于PS NP可以改变幼虫的行为,如在暴露的幼虫中游泳不活跃所证明的。综上所述,这些数据表明,至少一些纳米塑料可以穿透发育中的斑马鱼的绒毛膜,积累在组织中,并影响生理和行为,从而可能影响受污染水生生态系统的生物适应性。在净化阶段(120-168 hpf),所有器官中PS NP的积累都减少了,但是在胰腺和胃肠道中的积累速度却变慢了。值得注意的是,暴露于PS NPs不会引起明显的死亡率,畸形或线粒体生物能学变化,但确实会降低心率。最后,暴露于PS NP可以改变幼虫的行为,如在暴露的幼虫中游泳不活跃所证明的。综上所述,这些数据表明,至少一些纳米塑料可以穿透发育中的斑马鱼的绒毛膜,积累在组织中,并影响生理和行为,从而可能影响受污染水生生态系统的生物适应性。暴露于PS NPs不会引起明显的死亡率,畸形或线粒体生物能学改变,但确实会降低心率。最后,暴露于PS NP可以改变幼虫的行为,如在暴露的幼虫中游泳不活跃所证明的。综上所述,这些数据表明,至少一些纳米塑料可以穿透发育中的斑马鱼的绒毛膜,积累在组织中,并影响生理和行为,从而可能影响受污染水生生态系统的生物适应性。暴露于PS NPs不会引起明显的死亡率,畸形或线粒体生物能学改变,但确实会降低心率。最后,暴露于PS NP可以改变幼虫的行为,如在暴露的幼虫中游泳不活跃所证明的。综上所述,这些数据表明,至少一些纳米塑料可以穿透发育中的斑马鱼的绒毛膜,积累在组织中,并影响生理和行为,从而可能影响受污染水生生态系统的生物适应性。
更新日期:2017-11-24
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