RuP_x nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in uniform N,P‐codoped hollow carbon nanospheres (RuP_x@NPC) have been synthesized through a facile route in which aniline–pyrrole copolymer nanospheres are used to disperse Ru ions followed by a gas phosphorization process. The as‐prepared RuP_x@NPC exhibits a uniform core–shell hollow nanospherical structure with RuP_x NPs as the core and N,P‐codoped carbon (NPC) as the shell. This strategy integrates many advantages of hollow nanostructures, which provide a conductive substrate and the doping of a nonmetal element. At high temperatures, the obtained thin NPC shell can not only protect the highly active phase of RuP_x NPs from aggregation and corrosion in the electrolyte but also allows variation in the electronic structures to improve the charge‐transfer rate greatly by N,P codoping. The optimized RuP_x@NPC sample at 900 °C exhibits a Pt‐like performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and long‐term durability in acidic, alkaline, and neutral solutions. The reaction requires a small overpotential of only 51, 74, and 110 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in 0.5 m H₂SO₄, 1.0 m KOH, and 1.0 m phosphate‐buffered saline, respectively. This work provides a new way to design unique phosphide‐doped carbon heterostructures through an inorganic–organic hybrid method as excellent electrocatalysts for HER.

中文翻译：

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氮和磷掺杂空心碳纳米球中包裹的钌磷化物的氢析出活性

封装在均匀的N，P掺杂的中空碳纳米球（RuP _x @NPC）中的RuP _x纳米颗粒（NPs）已通过一种简便的途径合成，其中苯胺-吡咯共聚物纳米球用于分散Ru离子，然后进行气体磷化过程。制备好的RuP _x @NPC具有均匀的核壳空心纳米球结构，其中RuP _x NPs为核，N，P掺杂碳（NPC）为壳。该策略整合了中空纳米结构的许多优点，中空纳米结构提供了导电基底和非金属元素的掺杂。在高温下，获得的薄NPC壳不仅可以保护RuP _x的高活性相NPs是由电解质中的聚集和腐蚀引起的，但也允许电子结构发生变化，从而通过N，P共掺杂大大提高了电荷转移速率。经过优化的RuP _x @NPC样品在900°C的温度下表现出类似于Pt的放氢反应（HER）性能，并在酸性，碱性和中性溶液中具有长期耐久性。该反应需要一个小的过电压的仅51，74和110毫伏在10mA厘米^-2 0.5 米ħ ₂ SO ₄，1.0 米KOH，和1.0 米磷酸盐缓冲盐水。这项工作提供了一种新方法，可以通过无机-有机杂化方法设计独特的磷掺杂碳异质结构，作为HER的优良电催化剂。