The conversion of biomass via liquefaction and alkoxylation has been shown to be a versatile and promising route for producing bio-based polyols for polyurethane synthesis. Despite the complexity of bio-based polyols, this review showcases how detailed structural characterization of bio-based polyols is feasible to elucidate their structural attributes. Key polyol characteristics including polyol composition (classes of compounds, aromatic content, homopolymer content), alcohol type, and molecular structure (molecular weight and molecular weight distributions, polymer linkages) together with methods for identification of degradation products and side reactions, and analysis of residues are discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlook associated with structural identification of bio-based polyols are presented.

中文翻译：

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生物质液化和烷氧基化：生物基多元醇的结构表征方法的综述。

通过液化和烷氧基化的生物质转化已被证明是生产用于聚氨酯合成的生物基多元醇的通用且有希望的途径。尽管生物基多元醇的复杂性，本综述展示了如何对生物基多元醇进行详细的结构表征以阐明其结构特征。多元醇的关键特性，包括多元醇组成（化合物类别，芳族含量，均聚物含量），醇类型和分子结构（分子量和分子量分布，聚合物键）以及降解产物和副反应的鉴定方法以及残留物进行了讨论。最后，提出了与生物基多元醇的结构鉴定相关的挑战和前景。