Various lines of research have identified a number of factors that can impair a person’s ability and motivation to exercise self-control, here self-regulation, in the face of a tempting object (e.g., food, sex, alcohol/drugs, smoking). Each of these in situ factors – the availability of the tempting object, one’s desire for it, and impaired affective and cognitive functioning (most notably from sleep-related fatigue, daily ‘wear and tear’, and intoxication) – makes self-regulation more difficult, and even more so when they co-occur. This integrative paper highlights how time of day modulates the salience of these impairing factors and argues that they are likely to be especially influential on self-regulation at night, or later in one’s waking day. As each factor is likely to vary considerably across the 24 hours of a day, so too will one’s self-regulatory ability and motivation – although person-level characteristics such as chronotype may shift these time-based considerations. The paper thus emphasises the importance of clocking self-regulation within health psychology research and intervention design. Consideration of when a self-regulation attempt is being made and of how time of day (or night) may be altering both the person and the situation towards risk, will facilitate a more temporally contextualised account of self-regulation.

中文翻译：

---

计时自我调节：为什么一天中的时间对健康心理学很重要

各种各样的研究已经确定了许多因素，这些因素可能会削弱一个人面对诱人的物体（例如，食物，性，酒精/毒品，吸烟）进行自我控制的能力和动机。这些都是原位的因素–诱人对象的可用性，人们对它的渴望以及情感和认知功能受损（最明显的原因是与睡眠有关的疲劳，每天的“磨损”和陶醉）–使自我调节变得更加困难，甚至更多所以当他们共同发生时。这份综合性论文着重强调了一天中的时间如何调节这些削弱因素的显着性，并指出它们可能在晚上或清醒的夜晚对自我调节特别有影响。由于每个因素在一天24小时内的变化很大，因此一个人的自我调节能力和动力也会有所变化，尽管诸如时空表等人的水平特征可能会改变这些基于时间的考虑因素。因此，本文强调了在健康心理学研究和干预设计中进行自我调节的重要性。考虑何时进行自我调节以及白天（或晚上）的时间可能如何改变人与人之间的风险状况，将有助于在时间上根据上下文进行自我调节。