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Food for thought: how nutrition impacts cognition and emotion
npj Science of Food ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-06 , DOI: 10.1038/s41538-017-0008-y
Sarah J Spencer 1 , Aniko Korosi 2 , Sophie Layé 3 , Barbara Shukitt-Hale 4 , Ruth M Barrientos 5
Affiliation  

More than one-third of American adults are obese and statistics are similar worldwide. Caloric intake and diet composition have large and lasting effects on cognition and emotion, especially during critical periods in development, but the neural mechanisms for these effects are not well understood. A clear understanding of the cognitive–emotional processes underpinning desires to over-consume foods can assist more effective prevention and treatments of obesity. This review addresses recent work linking dietary fat intake and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary imbalance with inflammation in developing, adult, and aged brains. Thus, early-life diet and exposure to stress can lead to cognitive dysfunction throughout life and there is potential for early nutritional interventions (e.g., with essential micronutrients) for preventing these deficits. Likewise, acute consumption of a high-fat diet primes the hippocampus to produce a potentiated neuroinflammatory response to a mild immune challenge, causing memory deficits. Low dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can also contribute to depression through its effects on endocannabinoid and inflammatory pathways in specific brain regions leading to synaptic phagocytosis by microglia in the hippocampus, contributing to memory loss. However, encouragingly, consumption of fruits and vegetables high in polyphenolics can prevent and even reverse age-related cognitive deficits by lowering oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding relationships between diet, cognition, and emotion is necessary to uncover mechanisms involved in and strategies to prevent or attenuate comorbid neurological conditions in obese individuals.



中文翻译:

深思:营养如何影响认知和情绪

超过三分之一的美国成年人肥胖,全球统计数据相似。热量摄入和饮食构成对认知和情绪具有巨大而持久的影响,尤其是在发育的关键时期,但这些影响的神经机制尚不清楚。清楚地了解支持过度消费食物的欲望的认知-情感过程可以帮助更有效地预防和治疗肥胖症。这篇综述阐述了最近将膳食脂肪摄入和 omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸膳食失衡与发育中、成人和老年大脑炎症联系起来的工作。因此,早年饮食和压力暴露会导致终生认知功能障碍,并且有可能进行早期营养干预(例如,具有必需的微量营养素)以防止这些缺陷。同样,高脂肪饮食的急性消耗会引发海马体对轻度免疫挑战产生增强的神经炎症反应,从而导致记忆缺陷。omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸的低膳食摄入量也可能通过其对特定大脑区域的内源性大麻素和炎症通路的影响导致抑郁症,从而导致海马体中小胶质细胞的突触吞噬作用,从而导致记忆力减退。然而,令人鼓舞的是,食用多酚含量高的水果和蔬菜可以通过降低氧化应激和炎症来预防甚至逆转与年龄相关的认知缺陷。了解饮食、认知、

更新日期:2019-11-18
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