With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the emerging transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have become one of the most promising inorganic nanomaterials for medical applications due to their distinctive structures and properties. TMDCs with different sizes and morphologies exhibit unique structural advantages, as well as versatile properties. However, concerning their practicability for biomedical applications, routes toward their synthesis and chemical/physical functionalization for biosystem applications must be identified. Herein, recent advances in the design, synthesis, and surface modification of TMDC‐based nanomaterials specific for biomedical applications are reviewed. First, the basic consideration regarding how to fabricate biocompatible TMDCs efficiently for biomedical use is discussed. Solution‐based synthesis methods for 2D TMDCs, as well as TMDC‐based nanocomposites are then summarized. In addition, general strategies applied for surface functionalization of TMDCs are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for these promising materials in biosystem applications are outlined.

中文翻译：

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基于过渡金属二硫属元素化物的生物医学材料的设计，合成和表面改性

随着纳米技术的飞速发展，新兴的过渡金属二硫化碳（TMDCs）由于其独特的结构和性能，已成为医疗应用中最有希望的无机纳米材料之一。具有不同大小和形态的TMDC表现出独特的结构优势以及多用途的特性。但是，关于它们在生物医学应用中的实用性，必须确定其在生物系统应用中的合成和化学/物理功能化的途径。在此，对基于TMDC的纳米材料在生物医学领域的设计，合成和表面改性的最新进展进行了综述。首先，讨论了有关如何有效地制造用于生物医学用途的生物相容性TMDC的基本考虑。然后总结了用于2D TMDC以及基于TMDC的纳米复合材料的基于溶液的合成方法。此外，还讨论了适用于TMDC表面功能化的一般策略。最后，概述了这些有前途的材料在生物系统应用中的当前挑战和未来前景。