The payload of the UFFO (Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory)-pathfinder now onboard the Lomonosov spacecraft (hereafter UFFO/Lomonosov) is a dedicated instrument for the observation of GRBs. Its primary aim is to capture the rise phase of the optical light curve, one of the least known aspects of GRBs. Fast response measurements of the optical emission of GRB will be made by a Slewing Mirror Telescope (SMT), a key instrument of the payload, which will open a new frontier in transient studies by probing the early optical rise of GRBs with a response time in seconds for the first time. The SMT employs a rapidly slewing mirror to redirect the optical axis of the telescope to a GRB position prior determined by the UFFO Burst Alert Telescope (UBAT), the other onboard instrument, for the observation and imaging of X-rays. UFFO/Lomonosov was launched successfully from Vostochny, Russia on April 28, 2016, and will begin GRB observations after completion of functional checks of the Lomonosov spacecraft. The concept of early GRB photon measurements with UFFO was reported in 2012. In this article, we will report in detail the first mission, UFFO/Lomonosov, for the rapid response to GRB observations.

中文翻译：

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不明飞行物/罗蒙诺索夫：观测伽马射线爆发早期光子的有效载荷

UFFO（超快速闪光天文台）-探路者的有效载荷现在安装在罗蒙诺索夫航天器（以下简称 UFFO/罗蒙诺索夫）上，是用于观测 GRB 的专用仪器。它的主要目的是捕捉光学光变曲线的上升阶段，这是 GRB 最不为人知的方面之一。GRB 的光学发射的快速响应测量将由回转镜望远镜 (SMT) 进行，这是有效载荷的关键仪器，它将通过探测具有响应时间的 GRB 的早期光学上升来开辟瞬态研究的新领域秒第一次。SMT 使用快速回转镜将望远镜的光轴重新定向到由 UFFO 突发警报望远镜 (UBAT)（另一种机载仪器）预先确定的 GRB 位置，用于 X 射线的观察和成像。UFFO/罗蒙诺索夫于2016年4月28日从俄罗斯东方发射成功，罗蒙诺索夫航天器完成功能检查后将开始GRB观测。使用 UFFO 进行早期 GRB 光子测量的概念于 2012 年报告。在本文中，我们将详细报告第一个任务，UFFO/Lomonosov，用于对 GRB 观测进行快速响应。