The Juno mission’s primary science objectives include the investigation of Jupiter interior structure via the determination of its gravitational field. Juno will provide more accurate determination of Jupiter’s gravity harmonics that will provide new constraints on interior structure models. Juno will also measure the gravitational response from tides raised on Jupiter by Galilean satellites. This is accomplished by utilizing Gravity Science instrumentation to support measurements of the Doppler shift of the Juno radio signal by NASA’s Deep Space Network at two radio frequencies. The Doppler data measure the changes in the spacecraft velocity in the direction to Earth caused by the Jupiter gravity field. Doppler measurements at X-band (∼8$\sim 8$ GHz) are supported by the spacecraft telecommunications subsystem for command and telemetry and are used for spacecraft navigation as well as Gravity Science. The spacecraft also includes a Ka-band (∼32$\sim 32$ GHz) translator and amplifier specifically for the Gravity Science investigation contributed by the Italian Space Agency. The use of two radio frequencies allows for improved accuracy by removal of noise due to charged particles along the radio signal path.

中文翻译：

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朱诺重力科学仪器

朱诺号任务的主要科学目标包括通过确定其引力场来调查木星的内部结构。Juno 将更准确地确定木星的重力谐波，这将为内部结构模型提供新的约束。朱诺号还将测量伽利略卫星在木星上掀起的潮汐引起的引力响应。这是通过利用重力科学仪器支持美国宇航局深空网络在两个无线电频率下测量朱诺无线电信号的多普勒频移来实现的。多普勒数据测量由木星重力场引起的航天器在地球方向上的速度变化。X 波段（~8$\sim 8$ GHz）的多普勒测量得到航天器电信子系统的支持，用于指挥和遥测，并用于航天器导航和重力科学。该航天器还包括一个 Ka 波段（~32$\sim 32$ GHz）转换器和放大器，专门用于意大利航天局提供的重力科学调查。两个无线电频率的使用允许通过消除由于沿无线电信号路径的带电粒子引起的噪声来提高准确度。