Accurate and real-time positioning is highly demanded by location-based services in 5G networks, which are currently being standardized and developed to achieve significant performance improvement over existing cellular networks. In 5G networks, many new envisioned technologies, for example, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication, ultra dense network (UDN), and device-to-device (D2D) communication, are introduced to not only enhance communication performance but also offer the possibility to increase positioning accuracy. In this article, we provide an extensive overview of positioning architectures in previous generations of cellular networks to show a road map of how positioning technologies have evolved in past decades. With this insight, we then propose a general positioning architecture for 5G networks, by exploiting the new features of emerging technologies wherein. We also investigate positioning technologies that have great potential in achieving sub-meter accuracy in 5G networks, and discuss some of the new challenges and open issues.

中文翻译：

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5G网络中的前瞻性定位架构和技术


5G 网络中的基于位置的服务对准确和实时的定位有很高的要求，目前正在标准化和开发这些服务，以实现比现有蜂窝网络显着的性能改进。在5G网络中，引入了许多新的设想技术，例如大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）、毫米波（mmWave）通信、超密集网络（UDN）和设备到设备（D2D）通信。不仅增强了通信性能，而且还提供了提高定位精度的可能性。在本文中，我们对前几代蜂窝网络中的定位架构进行了广泛的概述，以展示定位技术在过去几十年中如何发展的路线图。有了这种洞察力，我们通过利用其中新兴技术的新功能，提出了 5G 网络的通用定位架构。我们还研究了在 5G 网络中实现亚米级精度具有巨大潜力的定位技术，并讨论了一些新的挑战和悬而未决的问题。