Cities are increasingly considered important places for biodiversity conservation because they can harbor threatened species and because conservation in cities represents an opportunity to reconnect people with nature and the range of health and well‐being benefits it provides. However, urbanization can be catastrophic for native species, and is a well‐known threat to biodiversity worldwide. Urbanization impacts can be mitigated by urban design and development improvements, but take‐up of these practices has been slow. There is an urgent need to incorporate existing ecological knowledge into a framework that can be used by planners and developers to ensure that biodiversity conservation is considered in decision‐making processes. Here, we distill the urban biodiversity literature into five principles for biodiversity sensitive urban design (BSUD), ranging from creating habitat and promoting dispersal to facilitating community stewardship. We then present a framework for implementing BSUD aimed at delivering onsite benefits to biodiversity, and that is applicable across a range of urban development types and densities. We illustrate the application of the BSUD framework in two case studies focusing on the: (1) protection of an endangered vegetation remnant in a new low‐density subdivision; and (2) persistence of an endangered reptile in an established suburban environment.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性敏感的城市设计

城市日益被认为是生物多样性保护的重要场所，因为它们可以庇护受威胁的物种，并且因为城市的保护提供了一个使人与自然以及其所提供的健康和福祉范围重新联系的机会。但是，城市化可能对本地物种造成灾难性的破坏，并且是对全球生物多样性的众所周知的威胁。可以通过改善城市设计和开发来减轻城市化的影响，但是对这些实践的接受却很缓慢。迫切需要将现有的生态知识纳入一个框架，供规划者和开发者使用，以确保在决策过程中考虑到生物多样性的保护。在这里，我们将城市生物多样性文献提炼为对生物多样性敏感的城市设计（BSUD）的五项原则，从创造栖息地，促进传播到促进社区管理。然后，我们提出一个实施BSUD的框架，该框架旨在为生物多样性带来现场收益，并且适用于各种城市发展类型和密度。我们将在两个案例研究中说明BSUD框架的应用，这些案例研究的重点是：（1）在新的低密度分区中保护濒临灭绝的植被残留物；（2）在既定的郊区环境中持续存在濒临灭绝的爬行动物。我们将在两个案例研究中说明BSUD框架的应用，这些案例研究的重点是：（1）在新的低密度分区中保护濒临灭绝的植被残留物；（2）在既定的郊区环境中持续存在濒临灭绝的爬行动物。我们将在两个案例研究中说明BSUD框架的应用，这些案例研究的重点是：（1）在新的低密度分区中保护濒临灭绝的植被残留物；（2）在既定的郊区环境中持续存在濒临灭绝的爬行动物。