Rapid evolution can increase or maintain the provision of ecosystem services, motivating the conservation of wild species and communities. We detail one such contemporary evosystem service by synthesizing theoretical evidence that rapid evolution can sustain parasiticide efficacy in salmon aquaculture, thus creating an added incentive for salmon conservation. Globally, wild and farmed salmon share native parasites: sea lice. In most major salmon farming areas sea lice have evolved resistance to parasiticides, but in the North Pacific, where farmed salmon coexist with large wild salmon populations, resistance has not emerged. We present a model to show that flow of susceptible genes from lice hosted on wild salmon to those hosted on farmed salmon can delay or preclude resistance. This theoretical and observational data suggests that wild salmon (both oceanic populations that function as a refuge and local migratory populations that connect this refuge to domesticated environments) provide an evosystem service by prolonging parasiticide efficacy. To preserve this service, aquaculture managers could avoid production quantities that exceed wild salmon abundances, and sustain wild salmon populations through regional and oceanic scale conservation. The evosystem service of resistance mitigation is one example of how a contemporary evolutionary process that benefits people can strengthen the case for conservation of intrinsically important wild species.

中文翻译：

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野生鲑鱼维持鲑鱼养殖场寄生虫控制的有效性：进化生态系统服务的保护意义

快速进化可以增加或维持生态系统服务的提供，从而促进野生物种和社区的保护。我们详细介绍了一种这样的现代evosystem服务通过综合理论证据表明快速进化可以维持鲑鱼养殖中的杀寄生虫剂功效，从而为鲑鱼保护创造了额外的诱因。在全球范围内，野生鲑鱼和人工养殖的​​鲑鱼共享本地寄生虫：海虱。在大多数主要的鲑鱼养殖区，海虱对杀虫剂产生了抗药性，但在北太平洋地区，养殖鲑鱼与野生鲑鱼种群共存，但没有出现抗药性。我们提出了一个模型来表明，从野生鲑鱼上携带的虱子到养殖鲑鱼上携带的虱子的易感基因流可以延迟或排除抗药性。这一理论和观察数据表明，野生鲑鱼（既具有海洋保护作用的海洋种群，又具有将这种庇护所与驯养环境连接起来的本地迁徙种群）可通过延长杀寄生虫剂的功效来提供生态系统服务。为了保持这项服务，水产养殖管理者可以避免产量超过野生鲑鱼的丰度，并通过区域和海洋规模的保护来维持野生鲑鱼的数量。减轻抵抗力的生态系统服务是当代造福人类的进化过程如何加强保护内在重要的野生物种的例证之一。通过区域和海洋规模的保护来维持野生鲑鱼种群。减轻抵抗力的生态系统服务是当代造福人类的进化过程如何加强保护内在重要的野生物种的例证之一。通过区域和海洋规模的保护来维持野生鲑鱼种群。减轻抵抗力的生态系统服务是当代造福人类的进化过程如何加强保护内在重要的野生物种的例证之一。