Due to the environmental and energy crisis, many countries around the world are electrifying transportation, which will significantly change the way the current power grid operates. It is expected that the deployment of future smart grids will allow two-way energy and information flows through plug-and-play operation of small distributed mobile power generators like electric vehicles (EVs) to benefit the prosumers and at the same time make the grid more efficient and robust. However, the issues associated with the energy and information transfer, battery technologies, battery charging schemes, their standards and management need to be addressed in order to achieve the full benefits of EV integration in the future smart grids and internet of energy (IoE) with local renewable generation. As the current grid with existing infrastructure cannot ensure maximum benefits from EVs, this paper reviews the EV technologies, their connectivity, impacts on grid and standards required for the efficient and economic operation of EVs with distributed energy resources in the IoE. The evolution, comparison, and storage potential of EV technologies are thoroughly discussed. This paper also extensively reviews the connectivity issues, for example current EV charging schemes, software tools required to design smart charging, associated challenges, and possible solutions. The architecture of distributed energy management schemes with EVs and the IoE is discussed in detail. Finally, the standards related to EV integration, energy transfers, and safety aspects are provided. Based on the comprehensive review, future directions are put forward which will be useful for researchers and engineers working with EVs.

由于环境和能源危机，世界上许多国家都在使交通电气化，这将大大改变当前电网的运行方式。预计未来智能电网的部署将允许通过小型分布式移动发电机（如电动汽车（EV））的即插即用操作实现双向能量和信息流，从而使生产者受益，同时使电网更高效，更强大。但是，与能源和信息传输，电池技术，电池充电方案，其标准和管理相关的问题需要解决，以便在未来的智能电网和能源互联网（IoE）中实现电动汽车集成的全部益处。当地的可再生能源发电。由于现有基础设施的现有电网无法确保最大程度地受益于电动汽车，因此本文回顾了电动汽车技术，其连通性，对电网的影响以及在IoE中具有分布式能源的电动汽车高效，经济运行所需的标准。全面讨论了电动汽车技术的发展，比较和存储潜力。本文还广泛审查了连通性问题，例如当前的EV充电方案，设计智能充电所需的软件工具，相关的挑战以及可能的解决方案。详细讨论了具有EV和IoE的分布式能源管理方案的体系结构。最后，提供了与EV集成，能量传输和安全方面有关的标准。根据全面审查，