Energy systems face a growing vulnerability to the availability and quality of water sources as a consequence of rising energy demand and increasing climate variability. The vulnerability of energy systems to water utilization constraints could be mitigated by the effective design and implementation of water management strategies in energy conversion process and supply chain systems. Based on a broad literature review, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the recent advances in methodologies to support decision-making processes involving water management in the energy sector. Water management issues which require more attention by the research community, include: (i) development of decision-support models for biofuel supply chains that deal with water scarcity scenarios, (ii) integration of wastewater quality variability into the design and planning of water management strategies for the development of unconventional fossil fuels, (iii) improvements in the efficiency of cooling systems, and (iv) integration of decision-support tools with climate and weather models for the optimal design, planning, and operation of integrated water and energy supply chains, especially power systems. The systematic targeting of the aforementioned issues in the near future is critical and requires the joint efforts of the energy modeling as well as the weather and climate research communities, which to date have principally addressed water management issues from their own individual perspectives.

由于能源需求增加和气候多变性，能源系统面临着越来越多的脆弱性，难以满足水资源的可用性和质量要求。通过在能源转换过程和供应链系统中有效设计和实施水资源管理策略，可以减轻能源系统对水利用限制的脆弱性。基于广泛的文献综述，本研究对方法学的最新进展进行了全面的考察，以支持涉及能源部门水资源管理的决策过程。研究界需要更多关注的水管理问题包括：（i）为处理缺水情况的生物燃料供应链开发决策支持模型，（ii）将废水质量的可变性纳入开发非常规化石燃料的水管理策略的设计和规划中；（iii）提高冷却系统的效率；（iv）将决策支持工具与气候和天气相结合用于优化水，能源供应链（尤其是电力系统）的最佳设计，规划和运行的模型。在不久的将来系统地解决上述问题至关重要，需要能源建模以及天气和气候研究界共同努力，迄今为止，这些领域主要从各自角度解决了水管理问题。（iii）改善冷却系统的效率，以及（iv）将决策支持工具与气候和天气模型相集成，以优化设计，规划和运行集成的水和能源供应链，尤其是电力系统。在不久的将来系统地解决上述问题至关重要，需要能源建模以及天气和气候研究界共同努力，迄今为止，这些领域主要从各自角度解决了水管理问题。（iii）改善冷却系统的效率，以及（iv）将决策支持工具与气候和天气模型相集成，以优化设计，规划和运行集成的水和能源供应链，尤其是电力系统。在不久的将来系统地解决上述问题至关重要，需要能源建模以及天气和气候研究界共同努力，迄今为止，这些领域主要从各自角度解决了水管理问题。