In agricultural and natural systems researchers have demonstrated large effects of plant–soil feedback (PSF) on plant growth. However, the concepts and approaches used in these two types of systems have developed, for the most part, independently. Here, we present a conceptual framework that integrates knowledge and approaches from these two contrasting systems. We use this integrated framework to demonstrate (i) how knowledge from complex natural systems can be used to increase agricultural resource-use efficiency and productivity and (ii) how research in agricultural systems can be used to test hypotheses and approaches developed in natural systems. Using this framework, we discuss avenues for new research toward an ecologically sustainable and climate-smart future.

在农业和自然系统中，研究人员证明了植物-土壤反馈（PSF）对植物生长的巨大影响。但是，在大多数情况下，这两类系统中使用的概念和方法都是独立开发的。在这里，我们提出了一个概念框架，该框架整合了来自这两个对比系统的知识和方法。我们使用这个集成框架来展示（i）如何使用复杂自然系统中的知识来提高农业资源利用效率和生产力，以及（ii）如何使用农业系统中的研究来检验自然系统中提出的假设和方法。使用此框架，我们讨论了朝着生态可持续和气候智能的未来进行新研究的途径。