The current–voltage (I‐V) characteristics of 15 different photovoltaic modules are monitored during more than 2 years of operation at four locations (Germany, Italy, India and Arizona) corresponding to four different climate zones. The electrical stability of the photovoltaic modules during the time of outdoor exposure is investigated in terms of measured I‐V curve translated to standard test conditions. This translation compensates the influence of module temperature, irradiance, spectral effects and soiling on the I‐V curves. The changes of output power after these corrections are attributed to initial consolidation phases, to long‐term degradation of the electrical properties and to seasonal cycles associated with metastabilities. Modules made from crystalline Si turn out to show no or only minor effects. Thin‐Film modules (CdTe, Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and thin‐film Si) exhibit a wide spread of metastable behaviour with consistent patterns for identical modules in different climates but with significant differences amongst different manufacturers of the same thin‐film technology. We show further that this metastable behaviour influences the energy yield of the modules. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

---

不同气候条件下光伏组件的性能稳定性

电流-电压（在超过2年的运行中，分别在四个位置（德国，意大利，印度和亚利桑那州）的四个位置（分别对应四个不同的气候区）对15个不同的光伏模块的I-V）特性进行了监控。根据转换为标准测试条件的测得的I-V曲线，研究了光伏模块在室外暴露期间的电稳定性。这种平移补偿了模块温度，辐照度，光谱效应和污染对I-V曲线的影响。经过这些校正后，输出功率的变化归因于初始固结阶段，电性能的长期下降以及与亚稳态有关的季节性周期。事实证明，由晶体硅制成的模块显示出无效果或仅有很小的效果。薄膜模块（CdTe，Cu（In，Ga）Se₂和薄膜Si）表现出广泛的亚稳态行为，在不同气候下，相同模块的模式一致，但同一薄膜技术的不同制造商之间却存在显着差异。我们进一步表明，这种亚稳态行为会影响模块的能量产生。版权所有©2017 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.