We review the phase behaviour of pure and mixed patchy colloids, as revealed (mostly) by theory and computer simulation. These experimentally-realisable systems are excellent models for investigating the general problem of the interplay between (equilibrium) phase transitions and self-assembly in soft condensed matter. We focus on how liquid–vapour condensation can be pre-empted by the formation of different types of aggregates, in particular rings, which we argue is relevant to the criticality of empty fluids and network fluids, and possibly also of dipolar fluids. In this connection we also discuss percolation and gelation in pure and mixed patchy colloids. Finally, we describe the rich phase behaviour of (mostly binary) patchy colloid mixtures.

我们回顾了纯的和混合的片状胶体的相行为，这（从理论上和计算机模拟中揭示出来的（主要是））。这些实验可重复使用的系统是用于研究软凝结物质中（平衡）相变与自组装之间相互作用的一般问题的出色模型。我们关注的是如何通过形成不同类型的聚集体（尤其是环）来防止液-气冷凝，这与空流体和网络流体以及偶极流体的临界性有关。在这方面，我们还讨论了纯的和混合的片状胶体中的渗滤和胶凝。最后，我们描述了（主要是二元的）斑片状胶体混合物的富相行为。