Understanding the fundamental behavior of chemically anisotropic Janus and patchy particles at fluid interfaces enables utilization of these colloids as solid surfactants for stabilization of emulsions and as building blocks for fabrication of functional and responsive materials. Here, we review recent progress on understanding the combined effects of particle–interface and particle–particle interactions on the surface activity and organization of Janus and patchy particles at fluid interfaces. We also highlight recent developments that harness these fundamental properties for applications in self-assembly and emulsion stabilization, and discuss some of the outstanding questions that warrant future investigation. The progress in the field opens new opportunities to pursue techniques for controlling interfacial rheology, directed motion, and the formulation of novel soft materials.

了解化学各向异性的Janus和不规则颗粒在流体界面处的基本行为，可以将这些胶体用作固体表面活性剂，以稳定乳液，并用作制造功能性和响应性材料的基础材料。在这里，我们回顾了在理解颗粒界面和颗粒间相互作用对流体表面的Janus和斑块状颗粒的表面活性和组织的综合影响方面的最新进展。我们还将重点介绍利用这些基本性能进行自组装和乳液稳定化的最新进展，并讨论一些值得进一步研究的悬而未决的问题。该领域的进展为寻求控制界面流变学，定向运动，