This review describes recent advances on the application of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in selected applications. CNCs are produced via acid hydrolysis of cellulosic materials, such as wood, cotton, tunicate, or other biomass. It possesses many desirable properties, such as large surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, excellent colloidal stability, and potential for modification due to the abundance of surface hydroxyl groups. By modifying its surface with small molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles, they can be utilized as a zero-dimension nanostructure for drug delivery, spun into 1-dimension fibers for enhanced strength, cast into 2-dimension films for flexibility, or molded into 3-dimension hydrogels and aerogels for compressibility or porous materials. The use and impact of CNCs in three industrial sectors: biomedical, wastewater treatment, energy and electronics are described and discussed, and we will offer our perspective on the future and new applications of this sustainable nanomaterial.

这篇综述描述了纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）在选定应用中的最新应用进展。CNCs是通过纤维素材料（例如木材，棉花，被包裹物或其他生物质）的酸水解生产的。它具有许多理想的特性，例如较大的表面积，高的拉伸强度和刚度，极好的胶体稳定性以及由于表面羟基含量丰富而具有改性的潜力。通过用小分子，聚合物和纳米颗粒修饰其表面，它们可以用作零维纳米结构用于药物输送，纺成1维纤维以增强强度，浇铸成2维膜以提高柔韧性或模制成3维尺寸的水凝胶和气凝胶，用于可压缩性或多孔材料。CNCs在三个工业领域的使用和影响：生物医学，