Fluoride contamination of groundwater is a serious problem in several countries of the world because of the intake of excessive fluoride caused by the drinking of the contaminated groundwater. Geological and anthropogenic factors are responsible for the contamination of groundwater with fluoride. Excess amounts of fluoride in potable water may cause irreversible demineralisation of bone and tooth tissues, a condition called fluorosis, and long-term damage to the brain, liver, thyroid, and kidney. There has long been a need for fluoride removal from potable water to make it safe for human use. From among several defluoridation technologies, adsorption is the technology most commonly used due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and simple physical process. In this paper, the adsorption capacities and fluoride removal efficiencies of different types of adsorbents are compiled from relevant published data available in the literature and represented graphically. The most promising adsorbents tested so far from each category of adsorbents are also highlighted. There is still a need to discover the actual feasibility of usage of adsorbents in the field on a commercial scale and to define the reusability of adsorbents to reduce cost and the waste produced from the adsorption process. The present paper reviews the currently available methods and emerging approaches for defluoridation of water.

由于饮用受污染的地下水会导致摄入过多的氟化物，因此在世界上几个国家，地下水的氟化物污染是一个严重的问题。地质和人为因素是氟化物污染地下水的原因。饮用水中过量的氟化物可能会导致骨骼和牙齿组织不可逆的脱盐，这种情况称为氟中毒，并对脑，肝，甲状腺和肾脏造成长期损害。长期以来一直需要从饮用水中除去氟化物以使其安全用于人类。在几种脱氟技术中，吸附是最常用的技术，因为它具有成本效益，操作简便和物理过程简单等优点。在本文中，不同类型吸附剂的吸附容量和除氟效率是根据文献中可用的相关公开数据汇编而成，并以图形方式表示。还重点介绍了迄今为止每种吸附剂中最有希望测试的吸附剂。仍然需要在工业规模上发现在领域中使用吸附剂的实际可行性，并确定吸附剂的可重复使用性以降低成本和由吸附过程产生的废物。本文概述了目前可用的方法和新兴的方法来除水。仍然需要在工业规模上发现在领域中使用吸附剂的实际可行性，并确定吸附剂的可重复使用性以降低成本和由吸附过程产生的废物。本文概述了目前可用的方法和新兴的方法来除水。仍然需要以商业规模发现在现场使用吸附剂的实际可行性，并确定吸附剂的可再利用性以降低成本和由吸附过程产生的废物。本文概述了目前可用的方法和新兴的方法来除水。