At present, various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are available for urinary tract infections. But, still the quest for development of more rapid, accurate and reliable approach is an unending process. The pathogens, especially uropathogens are adapting to new environments and antibiotics day by day rapidly. Therefore, urinary tract infections are evolving as hectic and difficult to eradicate, increasing the economic burden to the society. The technological advances should be able to compete the adaptability characteristics of microorganisms to combat their growth in new environments and thereby preventing their infections. Nanotechnology is at present an extensively developing area of immense scientific interest since it has diverse potential applications in biomedical field. Nanotechnology may be combined with cellular therapy approaches to overcome the limitations caused by conventional therapeutics. Nanoantibiotics and drug delivery using nanotechnology are currently growing areas of research in biomedical field. Recently, various categories of antibacterial nanoparticles and nanocarriers for drug delivery have shown their potential in the treatment of infectious diseases. Nanoparticles, compared to conventional antibiotics, are more beneficial in terms of decreasing toxicity, prevailing over resistance and lessening costs. Nanoparticles present long term therapeutic effects since they are retained in body for relatively longer periods. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of nanotechnology, principally emphasizing diagnostics and therapeutics of urinary tract infections.

目前，有多种诊断和治疗方法可用于尿路感染。但是，寻求开发更快速，准确和可靠的方法仍然是一个永无止境的过程。病原体，尤其是尿路致病菌正在迅速适应新的环境和抗生素。因此，泌尿道感染正在发展为忙碌且难以根除，这增加了社会的经济负担。技术进步应该能够与微生物的适应性特征竞争，以抵抗微生物在新环境中的生长，从而防止其感染。纳米技术由于其在生物医学领域中的多种潜在应用，目前正处于广泛的发展领域，具有广泛的科学兴趣。可以将纳米技术与细胞疗法相结合，以克服常规疗法引起的局限性。使用纳米技术的纳米抗生素和药物递送目前是生物医学领域研究的增长领域。近来，用于药物递送的各种类型的抗菌纳米颗粒和纳米载体已经显示出它们在治疗传染病中的潜力。与常规抗生素相比，纳米颗粒在降低毒性，胜过抗药性和降低成本方面更具优势。由于纳米颗粒在体内保留相对较长的时间，因此具有长期的治疗作用。这篇综述着眼于纳米技术领域的最新进展，主要着重于尿路感染的诊断和治疗。