Silicate-based bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) are gaining increasing attention in various biomedical applications due to their unique properties. Controlled synthesis of BGN is critical to their effective use in biomedical applications since BGN characteristics, such as morphology and composition, determining the properties of BGN, are highly related to the synthesis process. In the last decade, numerous investigations focusing on BGN synthesis have been reported. BGN can mainly be produced through the conventional melt-quench approach or by sol-gel methods. The latter approaches are drawing widespread attention, considering the convenience and versatility they offer to tune the properties of BGN. In this paper, we review the strategies of sol-gel processing of BGN, including those adopting different catalysts for initiating the hydrolysis and condensation of silicate precursors as well as those combining sol-gel chemistry with other techniques. The processes and mechanism of different synthesis approaches are introduced and discussed in detail. Considering the importance of the BGN morphology and composition to their biomedical applications, strategies put forward to control the size, shape, pore structure and composition of BGN are discussed. BGN are particularly interesting biomaterials for bone-related applications, however, they also have potential for other biomedical applications, e.g. in soft tissue regeneration/repair. Therefore, in the last part of this review, recently reported applications of BGN in soft tissue repair and wound healing are presented.

基于硅酸盐的生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒（BGN）由于其独特的性能而越来越受到各种生物医学应用的关注。BGN的受控合成对其在生物医学应用中的有效使用至关重要，因为BGN的特征（例如形态和组成，决定BGN的性质）与合成过程高度相关。在过去的十年中，已经报道了许多针对BGN合成的研究。BGN主要可以通过常规的熔融淬火方法或通过溶胶-凝胶法生产。考虑到它们为调整BGN特性所提供的便利性和多功能性，后一种方法引起了广泛的关注。在本文中，我们回顾了BGN的溶胶-凝胶加工策略，包括那些采用不同催化剂引发硅酸盐前体水解和缩合的催化剂，以及将溶胶-凝胶化学与其他技术结合在一起的催化剂。详细介绍了各种合成方法的过程和机理。考虑到BGN的形态和组成对其生物医学应用的重要性，讨论了控制BGN的大小，形状，孔结构和组成的策略。BGN是用于骨骼相关应用的特别有趣的生物材料，但是，它们在其他生物医学应用中也具有潜力，例如在软组织再生/修复中。因此，在本综述的最后部分，介绍了最近报道的BGN在软组织修复和伤口愈合中的应用。