Chemokines are proteins which induce chemotaxis, promote differentiation of immune cells, and cause tissue extravasation. Given these properties, their role in anti-tumor immune response in the cancer environment is of great interest. Although immunotherapy has shown clinical benefit for some cancer patients, other patients do not respond. One of the mechanisms of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors may be chemokine signaling. The CXCL9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis regulates immune cell migration, differentiation, and activation, leading to tumor suppression (paracrine axis). However, there are some reports that show involvements of this axis in tumor growth and metastasis (autocrine axis). Thus, a better understanding of CXCL9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis is necessary to develop effective cancer control. In this article, we summarize recent evidence regarding CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis in the immune system and discuss their potential role in cancer treatment.

趋化因子是诱导趋化性，促进免疫细胞分化并引起组织外渗的蛋白质。鉴于这些特性，它们在癌症环境中的抗肿瘤免疫应答中的作用引起了极大的兴趣。尽管免疫疗法已显示出对某些癌症患者的临床益处，但其他患者却没有反应。抵抗检查点抑制剂的机制之一可能是趋化因子信号传导。CXCL9，-10，-11 / CXCR3轴调节免疫细胞的迁移，分化和激活，从而导致肿瘤抑制（旁分泌轴）。但是，有一些报道表明该轴参与了肿瘤的生长和转移（自分泌轴）。因此，对CXCL9，-10，-11 / CXCR3轴的更好了解对于开发有效的癌症控制至关重要。在本文中，