As environmental challenges and their management are increasingly recognised as complex and uncertain, the concept of ecosystem services has emerged from within scientific communities and is gaining influence within policy communities. To better understand how this concept can be turned into practice we examine knowledge needs from the perspective of the different stakeholders directly engaged with the operationalisation of ecosystem systems concept within ten socio-ecologically different case studies from different countries, levels of governance and ecosystems.

We identify four different but interrelated areas of knowledge needs, namely; (i) needs related to develop a common understanding, (ii) needs related to the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping action on the ground, (iii) needs related to linking knowledge and action, and (iv) and needs related to accessible and easy to use methods and tools. These findings highlight the need to view knowledge as a process which is orientated towards action. We discuss the potential to develop transdisciplinary research approaches and the development of tools and methods explicitly as boundary objects in the ecosystem service science community to develop more collaborative practices with other stakeholders and facilitate the operationalisation of the concept of ecosystem services across contexts.

随着人们日益认识到环境挑战及其管理的复杂性和不确定性，生态系统服务的概念已从科学界内部涌现，并在政策界内部日益受到影响。为了更好地理解如何将这一概念转化为实践，我们在来自不同国家，治​​理水平和生态系统的十个社会生态学不同的案例研究中，从直接参与生态系统系统概念的运营的不同利益相关者的角度考察了知识需求。

我们确定了知识需求的四个不同但相互关联的领域，即：（i）与形成共识的需求有关；（ii）与正规和非正式机构在制定实地行动中的作用有关的需求；（iii）与知识和行动联系在一起的需求；（iv）与以下方面有关的需求：易于使用的方法和工具。这些发现强调了将知识视为面向行动的过程的必要性。我们讨论了开发跨学科研究方法的潜力以及明确开发工具和方法作为生态系统服务科学界的边界对象的潜力，以与其他利益相关者开发更多的协作实践，并促进跨环境的生态系统服务概念的可操作性。