In this paper we analyse how the conservation of ecosystem services (ES) is integrated in Spanish and Catalan legislation on land stewardship. Analysing their implementation in Catalonia, we demonstrate that the legal land stewardship framework has innovative tools that can be supplemented by payments for ecosystem services (PES) and tax incentives toward comprehensive ES protection. By analysing several experiences in Catalonia currently under development, we verify that implementing all of these instruments and encouraging the involvement of public administrations and civil society as a whole is crucial to conserving ES. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating into law not only ES but also measures available for protecting them and the alternative instruments used to develop them.

在本文中，我们分析了西班牙和加泰罗尼亚土地管理立法中如何整合生态系统服务（ES）保护。通过分析其在加泰罗尼亚的实施，我们证明了合法的土地管理框架具有创新工具，可以通过支付生态系统服务（PES）和税收优惠来补充对ES的全面保护。通过分析目前在加泰罗尼亚发展中的几种经验，我们验证了实施所有这些工具并鼓励公共行政部门和整个民间社会的参与对于保护环境与社会至关重要。总体而言，我们证明了不仅将ES纳入法律的重要性，而且将保护ES的可用措施以及用于开发ES的替代工具纳入法律的重要性。