We derived spatially explicit erosion rates in kg of soil lost per kg of crop as a function of crop choice and management practice on a global scale. These so-called characterization factors (CFs) can be used in product life cycle assessment studies to determine the impact of crop cultivation on soil erosion. We used the biophysical crop model EPIC to determine yields and erosion rates for cassava, corn, rapeseed, soybean, sugarcane, sunflower, and wheat under subsistence, rainfed with fertilizer, and high input (irrigation and fertilizer) farming. Yields varied considerably and contributed to variation in CFs to the same extent as erosion rates. Variation in CFs was mainly attributable to geographic location. Crop type and management scenario still lead to variation in CFs of 2 orders of magnitude, and a factor of 6, respectively. Lowest CFs were predicted for sugarcane worldwide, while largest impacts were seen for rapeseed. Largest median CFs were predicted for subsistence farming, while smallest CFs were obtained for high input systems. Median estimated damage in 2014 erosion costs ranged from 0.5 $/t sugarcane to 526 $/t rapeseed. Farmers can minimize erosion by carefully selecting management strategies, while purchasers can carefully select source locations to help reduce erosion related environmental damage.

我们得出了每公斤农作物损失的公斤土壤流失率的空间明示侵蚀率 在全球范围内具有作物选择和管理实践的功能。这些所谓的特征因子（CFs）可用于产品生命周期评估研究中，以确定农作物种植对土壤侵蚀的影响。我们使用生物物理农作物模型EPIC来确定木薯，玉米，油菜籽，大豆，甘蔗，向日葵和小麦在自给自足，施以肥料的雨水以及高投入（灌溉和肥料）耕作的情况下的产量和侵蚀速率。产量变化很大，并导致CFs的变化与侵蚀率相同。CF的变化主要归因于地理位置。作物类型和管理情景仍然导致CF的变化分别为2个数量级和6倍。预测全球甘蔗的CF值最低，而油菜籽的CF值最大。预测中位数CFs最大的用于自给农业，而最小CFs用于高投入系统。2014年侵蚀成本的估计中位数为0.5 $ / t甘蔗至526  $ / t油菜籽。农民可以通过精心选择管理策略来最大程度地减少侵蚀，而购买者可以精心选择源头位置，以帮助减少与侵蚀相关的环境破坏。