Environmental governance is undergoing innovation in the use of market instruments, including payments for environmental services. As it is in nature, in society change (such as commercial or policy innovation) brings the risk of failure or of unanticipated consequences. Good governance requires intelligent precautions against what can go wrong. In investment markets governance safeguards such as competition and market regulation manage the risk that private gains accrue to the ruthless at the cost of the innocent, or that inexperience or incompetence lead to high public and private costs. For environmental markets risk safeguards are under developed. This paper explores the risk dimension of payments for environmental services, and suggests that systematic risk governance could make it more likely that these innovations will serve the public interest.

环境治理正在使用市场手段（包括支付环境服务费用）方面进行创新。就其本质而言，在社会中，变革（例如商业或政策创新）带来失败或意外后果的风险。良好的治理要求采取明智的预防措施，以防发生问题。在投资市场中，竞争和市场法规等治理保障管理着以下风险：私人利益以无辜者为代价而无私地积累，或者经验不足或无能导致高昂的公共和私人成本。对于环境市场，风险保障措施尚不完善。本文探讨了环境服务付款的风险维度，