Following the scientific progress and the European Union activity, Polish strategic papers have started to postulate the implementation of the ecosystem services (ES) approach (National Urban Policy, 2015; Program for biodiversity protection and sustainable use, 2015). The aim of this paper is to show the implementation of the ES concept into the Polish legal system and the challenges related to its implementation. The paper attempts to review the legal acts concerning the protection of ecosystems, their functions and benefits for people.

Until now, the term “ecosystem services” has not been presented in Polish legal acts. However, the results of study show that current regulations allow for this approach (although not in a direct way) to be taken into consideration to a significant extent. Perceiving the ecosystems as beneficial for human beings is, in Polish regulations, clearly visible in the spatial management, nature conservation, forestry, and water management. The existing provisions incorporate both the services, which are already captured by the market mechanisms, and non-market services. The character of these regulations is preventive, maintaining, restoring and ES enhancing. We conclude that a further effort should be aimed at: harmonization of existing provisions; introducing the ES notion directly into legal acts; and implementation of ES approach in executive regulations.

随着科学的进步和欧盟的活动，波兰的战略文件已经开始假定生态系统服务（ES）方法的实施（国家城市政策，2015；生物多样性保护和可持续利用计划，2015）。本文旨在说明ES概念在波兰法律体系中的实施情况以及与其实施相关的挑战。本文试图回顾有关保护生态系统，其功能和对人类的利益的法律行为。

到目前为止，波兰法律中并未使用“生态系统服务”一词。但是，研究结果表明，当前法规允许在很大程度上考虑这种方法（尽管不是直接方式）。在波兰的法规中，将生态系统视为对人类有益的观念在空间管理，自然保护，林业和水管理中清晰可见。现有条款将市场机制已经获取的服务与非市场服务结合在一起。这些法规的特征是预防，维护，恢复和增强ES。我们得出结论，应进一步努力，以：统一现有规定；将ES概念直接引入法律行为；