Large-scale use of dispersants to remediate oil spills has raised concerns about their toxicity to marine organisms. Of particular concern is oxidative stress and resulting membrane damage due to exposure to surfactants in dispersant mixtures. We investigated the potential of the dispersant Corexit 9500^® and one of its major components, the anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), to induce oxidative stress in larval sheepshead minnows after 24 and 96 h exposures, at two sublethal concentrations, the lesser being environmentally realistic for each compound. Corexit exposures elicited only minimal antioxidant responses for most antioxidant components tested, with increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities observed only after 96 h and at the higher exposure concentration. In contrast, DOSS induced statistically significant increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), GPx, and lipid peroxidation, as well as depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) levels at both time points and concentrations. These data indicate that short-term and environmentally realistic exposures to DOSS can impact antioxidant response capabilities, raising concern about its use in oil dispersants and other high volume use products where environmental releases are likely.

大量使用分散剂来补救溢油，已引起人们对其对海洋生物毒性的关注。由于暴露于分散剂混合物中的表面活性剂而引起的氧化应力和由此引起的膜损坏是特别令人关注的问题。我们研究了分散剂Corexit 9500的潜力^®其主要成分之一是阴离子表面活性剂磺基琥珀酸二辛基二钠（DOSS），在两种亚致死浓度下暴露24小时和96小时后，会在幼虫sheep鱼小鱼中诱发氧化应激，每种化合物对环境的影响均较小。对于大多数测试的抗氧化剂成分，Corexit暴露仅引起极少的抗氧化剂反应，只有在96小时和更高暴露浓度下才观察到谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性增加。相反，DOSS在时间点和浓度上均引起活性氧（ROS），GPx和脂质过氧化水平的显着增加，以及减少的谷胱甘肽（GSH）减少水平。