Hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (FPW) is a wastewater produced during fracturing activities in an operating well which is hyper saline and chemically heterogeneous in nature, containing both anthropogenic and petrogenic chemicals. Determination of FPW associated toxicity to embryonic fish is limited, while investigation into how embryonic exposures may affect later life stages is not yet studied. Zebrafish embryos (24 hrs post fertilization) were acutely exposed to 2.5% and 5% FPW fractions for either 24 or 48 hrs and returned to freshwater. After either 24 or 48 h exposures, embryos were examined for expression of 3 hypoxia related genes. Erythropoietin (epoa) but not hypoxia inducible factor (hif1aa) nor hemoglobin −ß chain (hbbe1.1) was up-regulated after either 24 or 48 h FPW exposure. Surviving embryos were placed in freshwater and grown to a juvenile stage (60 days post fertilization). Previously exposed zebrafish were analyzed for both swim performance (U_crit and U_max) and aerobic capacity. Fish exposed to both sediment containing (FPW-S) or sediment free (FPW-SF) FPW displayed significantly reduced aerobic scope and U_crit/U_max values compared to control conditions. Our results collectively suggest that organics present in our FPW sample may be responsible for sub-lethal fitness and metabolic responses. We provide evidence supporting the theory that the cardio-respiratory system is impacted by FPW exposure. This is the first known research associating embryonic FPW exposures to sub-lethal performance related responses in later life fish stages.

水力压裂返排和采出水（FPW）是压裂作业期间在作业井中产生的废水，该井为高盐分且化学性质上不均一，同时包含人为和岩石成因化学物质。与FPW相关的对胚胎鱼的毒性的测定是有限的，而关于胚胎暴露如何影响生命后期阶段的研究尚未进行。将斑马鱼的胚胎（受精后24小时）急性暴露于2.5％和5％的FPW组分中，持续24或48小时，然后放回淡水中。暴露24或48 h后，检查胚胎中3个缺氧相关基因的表达。促红细胞生成素（epoa），但不是缺氧诱导因子（hif1aa）或血红蛋白-ß链（hbbe1.1）在FPW暴露24或48小时后被上调。将存活的胚胎置于淡水中，使其生长至幼年期（受精后60天）。分析先前暴露的斑马鱼的游泳性能（U _crit和U _max）和有氧运动能力。暴露于含沉积物（FPW-S）或无沉积物（FPW-SF）的鱼类FPW的有氧能力和U _crit / U _max显着降低值与对照条件进行比较。我们的结果共同表明，FPW样品中存在的有机物可能导致亚致死适应性和代谢反应。我们提供证据支持心脏呼吸系统受FPW暴露影响的理论。这是将胚胎FPW暴露与晚生鱼阶段与亚致死性能相关的反应相关联的第一个已知研究。