Abstract Diabetes and hypothyroidism are both metabolic diseases with great incidence worldwide. Metalloproteins and metals play key roles in normal glucose metabolism and thyroid hormone synthesis, which are altered in their respective pathologies. The aim of this work was to establish the corresponding multielemental and metalloprotean profiles in a control group (n = 20) compared with a diabetic (n = 20) or hypothyroidism group (n = 20), by exploring a multivariate principal components model. Classification to discriminate these groups was possible based in the quantification of 23 elements (Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Se, Rb, Pb, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, U, Sr, Mo, Sb, Ba, Tl, Cd, Ag), and alternatively on the metalloprotein profiles obtained by SEC-ICPMS. Determinations were assessed by means of QQQ-ICP and SEC-ICPMS for total and metalloprotean content, respectively. Samples were classified using Principal Component Analysis chemometric tool. Results showed that there were statistical differences in transitional elements concentrations, such as Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, V, and Cr. For the metal associated protein study, the expression of the fractions of the same transitional elements also were statistically different when compared between control vs diabetic patients, and control vs hypothyroid patients. Se levels showed no differences in both studies among groups. This screening study demonstrates that mass spectrometry methods and data analysis with chemometrics tools may be valuable in order to find possible biomarkers in serum samples of diabetic and hypothyroid patients. Future proteomics analysis are necessary to complete these findings.

中文翻译：

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基于 PCA 分析的糖尿病和甲状腺功能减退患者血清样品中金属蛋白和多元素含量分析

摘要 糖尿病和甲状腺功能减退症都是世界范围内发病率高的代谢性疾病。金属蛋白和金属在正常的葡萄糖代谢和甲状腺激素合成中起关键作用，它们在各自的病理中发生改变。这项工作的目的是通过探索多元主成分模型，与糖尿病组（n = 20）或甲状腺功能减退症组（n = 20）相比，在对照组（n = 20）中建立相应的多元素和金属蛋白酶谱。根据 23 种元素（Mg、Al、K、Ca、V、Cr、Zn、Fe、Se、Rb、Pb、Cu、Mn、Co、Ni、U、Sr、Mo 、Sb、Ba、Tl、Cd、Ag)，或者通过 SEC-ICPMS 获得的金属蛋白谱。分别通过 QQQ-ICP 和 SEC-ICPMS 对总含量和金属蛋白质含量进行测定。使用主成分分析化学计量学工具对样品进行分类。结果表明，过渡元素的含量存在统计学差异，如锌、铜、钴、锰、钒和铬。对于金属相关蛋白研究，在对照与糖尿病患者之间以及对照与甲状腺功能减退患者之间进行比较时，相同过渡元素组分的表达也存在统计学差异。两组间的两项研究中硒水平均无差异。这项筛选研究表明，质谱方法和化学计量学工具的数据分析对于在糖尿病和甲状腺功能减退患者的血清样本中寻找可能的生物标志物可能很有价值。