Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen with a complex nomenclature. This genus is composed of two species, S. enterica and S. bongori. S. enterica is divided into six subspecies. S. enterica subspecies enterica is composed of more than 1500 serotypes with some of great importance, such as S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. S. enterica subsp. enterica is responsible of more than 99% of human salmonellosis and therefore it is widely studied. However, the non-enterica subspecies of S. enterica have been little studied. These subspecies are considered to be related to cold-blooded animals and their pathogenicity is very limited. Phenotype and genotype information generated from different studies of non-enterica subspecies reveal poor ability to invade host cells and the absence or modification of important virulence factors. Also, the great majority of human infections due to non-enterica subspecies are related to a previous depressed immune system. Therefore, we propose to treat these subspecies only as opportunistic pathogens. For establish this premise, the present review evaluated, among other things, the genomic characteristics, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and reported human cases of the non-enterica subspecies.

沙门氏菌是主要的食源性病原体，具有复杂的命名法。该属由小肠链球菌（S. enterica）和邦戈链霉菌（S. bongori）两个物种组成。肠炎沙门氏菌分为六个亚种。沙门氏菌亚种肠道与一些非常重要的，例如由超过1500种血清型的S.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和S.肠炎。沙门氏菌亚种。肠杆菌占人类沙门氏菌病的99％以上，因此得到了广泛的研究。然而，肠炎沙门氏菌的非肠炎亚种很少研究。这些亚种被认为与冷血动物有关，其致病性非常有限。从对非肠道亚种的不同研究中获得的表型和基因型信息显示，其入侵宿主细胞的能力较弱，并且缺乏重要毒力因子或对其进行了修饰。而且，由于非肠亚种引起的大多数人类感染与先前的免疫系统低下有关。因此，我们建议仅将这些亚种视为机会性病原体。为了建立这个前提，本综述评估了基因组特征，流行率，抗菌素耐药性以及报告的非肠道亚种的人类病例。