Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic free radical compound that as a secondary messenger contributes to cell physiological functions and its variations influence proteins activity and triggering intracellular signaling cascades. Low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) alters the cell biology such as cell differentiation by targeting the plasma membrane and entering force to the ions and small electrical ligands. The effect of these chemical (NO) and physical (EMF) factors on the expression of the stemness and neuronal differentiation markers in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) was investigated. The cells were treated with low (50 micromolar) and high (1 mM) concentrations of Deta-NO as a NO donor molecule and 50 Hz low frequency EMF. The expression of pluripotency and neuronal differentiation genes and proteins was investigated using real time qPCR and Immunocytochemistry techniques. The simultaneous treatment of EMF with NO (1 mM) led to the down-regulation of stemness markers expression and up-regulation of neuronal differentiation markers expression. Cell proliferation decreased and cell morphology changed which caused the majority of cells obtains neuronal protein markers in their cytoplasm. The decrease in the expression of neuronal differentiation Nestin and DCX markers without any change in the expression of pluripotency Oct4 marker (treated with low concentration of NO) indicates protection of stemness state in these cells. Treatment with NO demonstrated a double behavior. NO low concentration helped the cells protect the stemness state but NO high concentration plus EMF pushed cells into differentiation pathway.

一氧化氮（NO）是一种双原子自由基化合物，作为次要信使有助于细胞生理功能，其变化会影响蛋白质活性并触发细胞内信号传导级联。低频电磁场（EMF）通过靶向质膜并向离子和小的电子配体施加作用力，从而改变了细胞生物学，例如细胞分化。研究了这些化学（NO）和物理（EMF）因素对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）干细胞和神经元分化标志物表达的影响。用低浓度（50微摩尔）和高浓度（1 mM）的Deta-NO作为NO供体分子和50 Hz低频EMF处理细胞。使用实时定量PCR和免疫细胞化学技术研究了多能性和神经元分化基因和蛋白质的表达。用NO（1 mM）同时处理EMF导致干标记物表达的下调和神经元分化标记物表达的上调。细胞增殖减少且细胞形态改变，这导致大多数细胞在其细胞质中获得神经元蛋白标记。神经元分化Nestin和DCX标记的表达减少而多能性Oct4标记的表达没有任何变化（用低浓度的NO处理）表明这些细胞中的干状态得到了保护。NO的治疗表现出双重行为。