The nervous system comprises many different cell types including neurons, glia, macrophages, and immune cells, each of which is defined by specific patterns of gene expression, morphology, function, and anatomical location. Establishment of these complex and highly regulated cell fates requires spatial and temporal coordination of gene transcription. Open chromatin (euchromatin) allows transcription factors to interact with gene promoters and activate lineage specific genes, whereas closed chromatin (heterochromatin) remains inaccessible to transcriptional activation. Changes in the genome-wide distribution of euchromatin accompany transcriptional plasticity that allows the diversity of mature cell fates to be generated during development. In the past 20 years, many new genes and gene families have been identified to participate in regulation of chromatin accessibility. These genes include chromatin remodelers that interact with Trithorax group (TrxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins to activate or repress transcription, respectively. Here we review the role of TrxG proteins in neurodevelopment and disease.

神经系统由许多不同的细胞类型组成，包括神经元、神经胶质细胞、巨噬细胞和免疫细胞，每种细胞都由基因表达、形态、功能和解剖位置的特定模式定义。这些复杂且高度调控的细胞命运的建立需要基因转录的空间和时间协调。开放染色质（常染色质）允许转录因子与基因启动子相互作用并激活谱系特异性基因，而封闭染色质（异染色质）仍然无法进行转录激活。常染色质全基因组分布的变化伴随着转录可塑性，使得成熟细胞命运在发育过程中产生多样性。在过去的20年里，许多新的基因和基因家族已被确定参与染色质可及性的调控。这些基因包括染色质重塑因子，它们与 Trithorax 组 (TrxG) 和 Polycomb 组 (PcG) 蛋白相互作用，分别激活或抑制转录。在这里，我们回顾 TrxG 蛋白在神经发育和疾病中的作用。