The phototrophic dinoflagellate Takayama helix that is known to be harmful to abalone larvae has recently been revealed to be mixotrophic. Although mixotrophy elevates the growth rate of T. helix by 79%–185%, its absolute growth rate is still as low as 0.3 d⁻¹. Thus, if the mortality rate of T. helix due to predation is high, this dinoflagellate may not easily prevail. To investigate potential effective protistan grazers on T. helix, feeding by diverse heterotrophic dinoflagellates such as engulfment-feeding Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Noctiluca scintillans, peduncle-feeding Aduncodinium glandula, Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense, Luciella masanensis, and Pfiesteria piscicida, pallium-feeding Oblea rotunda and Protoperidinium pellucidum, and the naked ciliates Pelagostrobilidium sp. (ca. 40 μm in cell length) and Strombidinopsis sp. (ca. 150 μm in cell length) on T. helix was explored. Among the tested heterotrophic protists, O. marina, G. dominans, G. moestrupii, A. glandula, L. masanensis, P. kofoidii, P. piscicida, and Strombidinopsis sp. were able to feed on T. helix. The growth rates of all these predators except Strombidinopsis sp. with T. helix prey were lower than those without the prey. The growth rate of Strombidinopsis sp. on T. helix was almost zero although the growth rate of Strombidinopsis sp. with T. helix prey was higher than those without the prey. Moreover, T. helix fed on O. marina and P. pellucidum and lysed the cells of P. kofoidii and G. shiwhaense. With increasing the concentrations of T. helix, the growth rates of O. marina and P. kofoidii decreased, but those of G. dominans and L. masanensis largely did not change. Therefore, reciprocal predation, lysis, no feeding, and the low ingestion rates of the common protists preying on T. helix may result in a low mortality rate due to predation, thereby compensating for this species’ low growth rate.

光养甲藻高山螺旋是已知是有害的鲍鱼仔最近被发现是混合营养。尽管混合营养使螺旋螺旋藻的生长速度提高了79％–185％，但其绝对增长率仍低至0.3 d ^-1。因此，如果由于捕食而引起的螺旋螺旋藻的死亡率很高，则该鞭毛鞭毛虫可能不容易流行。要调查潜在的有效螺旋藻放牧者对螺旋线虫的摄食，可以使用多种异养的鞭毛藻进食，例如吞食食蟹的滨Ox，长春花，长春花，Polykrikos kofoidii和夜光藻，喂食有花梗的月季腺，Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense，马氏Luciella和Pfiesteria piscicida，喂食有卵圆形的圆形小卵菌和透明果原球菌，以及裸露的纤毛虫Polagostrobilidium sp.。（细胞长度约40μm）和Strombidinopsis sp。在T.螺旋上（细胞长度约150μm）进行了研究。在供试异原生生物，O.码头，G. dominans，G. moestrupii，A. glandula，L. masanensis，P. kofoidii，P. piscicida，和Strombidinopsis SP。能够以T.螺旋为食。除Strombidinopsis sp。外的所有这些捕食者的增长率。带有T.螺旋猎物的人比没有猎物的人低。链霉菌的生长速度。在T.螺旋几乎为零，尽管增速Strombidinopsis SP。带有T.螺旋猎物的猎物比没有猎物的猎物高。此外，T.螺旋饲喂O.码头和P. pellucidum并裂解的细胞P. kofoidii和G. shiwhaense。随着越来越多的浓度T.螺旋，的增长率澳码头和P. kofoidii下降，但那些G. dominans和L. masanensis基本上没有改变。因此，相互捕食，裂解，不进食以及捕食螺旋线虫的普通生物的低摄取率可能导致由于捕食而导致的低死亡率，从而弥补了该物种的低生长率。