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Fishy Odor and TMA Content Levels in Duck Egg Yolks
Journal of Food Science ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-06 , DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13977
Xingzheng Li 1 , Gongjiao Yuan 1 , Xia Chen 1 , Yuying Guo 1 , Ning Yang 1 , Jinsong Pi 2 , Hao Zhang 2 , Jiangxia Zheng 1
Affiliation  

The differences between the trimethylamine (TMA) content levels in duck and chicken egg yolks under normal dietary conditions were compared. Moreover, the association between the polymorphisms of the duck FMO3 gene and TMA content levels in duck egg yolks was analyzed. Then, to detect the mutations associated with the fish-flavor trait, duck populations were selected for a high-choline diet experiment, which was followed by full-length sequencing of the FMO3 exons. The results showed that the TMA content levels in duck eggs (3.60 μg/g) were significantly higher than those in chicken eggs (2.35 μg/g) under normal dietary conditions (P < 0.01). With regard to the high-choline diet, the average TMA content levels in duck egg yolks (9.21 μg/g; P < 0.01) increased significantly. Furthermore, 5 SNPs reported in Ensembl database were detected in duck FMO3 exons. However, no mutation loci were found to be significantly associated with the TMA content levels in duck egg yolks. Besides, duck liver FMO3 mRNA expression levels were not associated with the TMA content levels. The results indicated that excessive TMA deposition in duck eggs is one of main factors causing the fishy odor in duck eggs, and the addition of choline in the ducks' diets was responsible for inducing an increase in the TMA content levels in duck eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Our study can help to diminish the fishy taste in duck eggs by reducing the amount of supplemented choline. Furthermore, this study laid a solid foundation for revealing the genetic factors involved in the fishy odor in duck eggs.

中文翻译:

鸭蛋黄中的鱼腥味和 TMA 含量

比较了正常日粮条件下鸭蛋黄和鸡蛋黄中三甲胺(TMA)含量水平的差异。此外,分析了鸭FMO3基因多态性与鸭蛋黄中TMA含量水平的关系。然后,为了检测与鱼味性状相关的突变,选择鸭群进行高胆碱饮食实验,然后对 FMO3 外显子进行全长测序。结果表明,正常日粮条件下鸭蛋中TMA含量(3.60 μg/g)显着高于鸡蛋(2.35 μg/g)(P < 0.01)。在高胆碱日粮中,鸭蛋黄中的平均 TMA 含量水平(9.21 μg/g;P < 0.01)显着增加。此外,在鸭 FMO3 外显子中检测到 Ensembl 数据库中报告的 5 个 SNP。然而,没有发现突变位点与鸭蛋黄中的 TMA 含量水平显着相关。此外,鸭肝FMO3 mRNA表达水平与TMA含量水平无关。结果表明,鸭蛋中过量的TMA沉积是造成鸭蛋鱼腥味的主要原因之一,而在鸭子的日粮中添加胆碱是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平升高的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。没有发现突变位点与鸭蛋黄中TMA含量水平显着相关。此外,鸭肝FMO3 mRNA表达水平与TMA含量水平无关。结果表明,鸭蛋中过量的TMA沉积是造成鸭蛋鱼腥味的主要因素之一,而在鸭的日粮中添加胆碱是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平升高的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。没有发现突变位点与鸭蛋黄中TMA含量水平显着相关。此外,鸭肝FMO3 mRNA表达水平与TMA含量水平无关。结果表明,鸭蛋中过量的TMA沉积是造成鸭蛋鱼腥味的主要原因之一,而在鸭子的日粮中添加胆碱是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平升高的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。鸭肝FMO3 mRNA表达水平与TMA含量水平无关。结果表明,鸭蛋中过量的TMA沉积是造成鸭蛋鱼腥味的主要原因之一,而在鸭子的日粮中添加胆碱是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平升高的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。鸭肝FMO3 mRNA表达水平与TMA含量水平无关。结果表明,鸭蛋中过量的TMA沉积是造成鸭蛋鱼腥味的主要原因之一,而在鸭子的日粮中添加胆碱是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平升高的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。饮食是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平增加的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。饮食是导致鸭蛋中TMA含量水平增加的原因。实际应用 我们的研究可以通过减少补充胆碱的量来帮助减少鸭蛋的腥味。此外,本研究为揭示鸭蛋腥味的遗传因素奠定了坚实的基础。
更新日期:2017-12-06
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