In this work, the main constraint (that is, beer chilling and chill haze removing) of the current beer conditioning techniques using Kieselguhr filtration and Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) treatment was overcome by developing a novel higher-throughput conditioning process, operating at room temperatures with no use of filter aids. The effect of filtration temperature (TF ) in the range of 0 to 40 °C on the hydraulic permeability of ceramic hollow-fiber (HF) membranes with nominal pore size of 0.2 to 1.4 μm, as well as on their limiting permeation flux (J* ) when feeding precentrifuged rough beer, was preliminarily assessed. When using the 1.4-μm HF membrane operating at TF ≥ 20 °C, it was possible to enhance the average permeation flux at values (676 to 1844 L/m2 /h), noticeably higher than those (250 to 500 L/m2 /h) characteristics of conventional powder filtration. Despite its acceptable permanent haze, the resulting beer permeate still exhibited colloidal instability. By resorting to the commercial enzyme preparation Brewers Clarex® before beer clarification, it was possible to significantly improve its colloidal stability as measured using a number of European Brewing Convention forcing tests, especially with respect to that of precentrifuged rough beer by itself. By combining the above enzymatic treatment with membrane clarification at 30 °C across the ceramic 1.4-μm HF membrane module, it was possible to limit the haze development due to chilling, sensitive proteins, and alcohol addition to as low as 0.78, 4.1, and 4.0 EBC-U, respectively, the enzymatic treatment being by far more effective than that using PVPP. PRACTICAL APPLICATION A novel Kieselguhr- and PVPP-free rough beer conditioning process at room temperatures was set up. By submitting precentrifuged rough beer to commercial preparation Brewers Clarex ® and then to membrane clarification at 30 °C across a ceramic 1.4-μm hollow-fiber membrane module, it was possible to obtain a clear and stable beer with a throughput (1306 ± 72 L/m2 /h) by far higher than that (250 to 500 L/m2 /h) characterizing the current powder filters. The haze development due to chilling, sensitive proteins, and alcohol adding was by far lower than that observed when microfiltering PVPP-pretreated rough beer.

中文翻译：

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在室温条件下实现不含硅藻土和 PVPP 的粗啤酒澄清和稳定过程

在这项工作中，通过开发一种新的高通量调理工艺，在室温下运行不使用助滤剂。过滤温度 (TF) 在 0 至 40 °C 范围内对标称孔径为 0.2 至 1.4 μm 的陶瓷中空纤维 (HF) 膜的透水性及其限制渗透通量 (J * ) 在喂入预离心粗啤酒时，进行了初步评估。当使用在 TF ≥ 20 °C 下运行的 1.4-μm HF 膜时，可以提高平均渗透通量（676 至 1844 L/m2 /h），明显高于传统粉末过滤的那些（250 至 500 L/m2 /h）特性。尽管具有可接受的永久性雾度，但所得的啤酒渗透物仍然表现出胶体不稳定性。通过在啤酒澄清前使用商业酶制剂 Brewers Clarex®，可以显着提高其胶体稳定性，如使用许多欧洲酿造公约强制测试所测量的，特别是对于单独预离心粗啤酒的测定。通过将上述酶处理与在 30 °C 下穿过陶瓷 1.4-μm HF 膜组件的膜澄清相结合，可以将由于冷却、敏感蛋白质和酒精添加导致的雾度发展限制在低至 0.78、4.1 和4.0 EBC-U，分别，酶处理比使用 PVPP 更有效。实际应用 在室温下建立了一种新的不含硅藻土和 PVPP 的粗啤酒调理工艺。通过将预离心的粗啤酒提交给商业制备 Brewers Clarex ®，然后在 30 °C 下通过陶瓷 1.4-μm 中空纤维膜组件进行膜澄清，可以获得具有吞吐量 (1306 ± 72 L) 的清澈稳定的啤酒/m2 /h) 远高于当前粉末过滤器的特征值（250 至 500 L/m2 /h）。由于冷却、敏感蛋白质和酒精添加导致的浑浊发展远低于微过滤 PVPP 预处理粗啤酒时观察到的。通过将预离心的粗啤酒提交给商业制备 Brewers Clarex ®，然后在 30 °C 下通过陶瓷 1.4-μm 中空纤维膜组件进行膜澄清，可以获得具有吞吐量 (1306 ± 72 L) 的清澈稳定的啤酒/m2 /h) 远高于当前粉末过滤器的特征值（250 至 500 L/m2 /h）。由于冷却、敏感蛋白质和酒精添加导致的浑浊发展远低于微过滤 PVPP 预处理粗啤酒时观察到的。通过将预离心的粗啤酒提交给商业制备 Brewers Clarex ®，然后在 30 °C 下通过陶瓷 1.4-μm 中空纤维膜组件进行膜澄清，可以获得具有吞吐量 (1306 ± 72 L) 的清澈稳定的啤酒/m2 /h) 远高于当前粉末过滤器的特征值（250 至 500 L/m2 /h）。由于冷却、敏感蛋白质和酒精添加导致的浑浊发展远低于微过滤 PVPP 预处理粗啤酒时观察到的。