Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the promotive and/or inhibitory effects of NaCl, glucose, their combinations on biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS) autoinducer-2 (AI-2) production on black tiger shrimp surfaces, using three strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Initially, six different NaCl concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) were evaluated for a maximum biofilm formation (∼6.3 log CFU/cm2) at 30 °C. Inhibitory effects of glucose at six different levels (0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, and 0.05%) were then investigated using the NaCl level previously found for a maximal biofilm formation. V. parahaemolyticus formed the best biofilm at 2% NaCl and the least biofilm at 5% NaCl, regardless of vibrio strain. In combination of 2% NaCl and glucose at different levels, the largest biofilm was observed at 0.015%, with the least biofilm seen at 0.05%, regardless of vibrio strain. Addition of salt and glucose more than the optimal level (2% salt and 0.015% glucose at 2% salt) inducted a stepwise inhibition of vibrio growth and biofilm formation in a continuous matter. In the visual evaluation, similar results were observed for vibrio growth, biofilm formation, live/dead cell detection, and quorum sensing.

中文翻译：

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NaCl、葡萄糖及其组合对副溶血性弧菌对黑虎虾（斑节对虾）表面生物膜形成的影响

摘要 本研究的目的是评估 NaCl、葡萄糖及其组合对黑虎虾表面生物膜形成和群体感应 (QS) autoinducer-2 (AI-2) 产生的促进和/或抑制作用，使用三种菌株副溶血性弧菌。最初，评估了 6 种不同浓度的 NaCl（0.5、1、2、3、4 和 5%）在 30°C 下的最大生物膜形成（~6.3 log CFU/cm2）。然后使用先前发现的最大生物膜形成的 NaCl 水平研究葡萄糖在六种不同水平（0.005、0.01、0.015、0.02、0.025 和 0.05%）下的抑制作用。无论弧菌菌株如何，副溶血性弧菌在 2% NaCl 时形成的生物膜最好，在 5% NaCl 时形成的生物膜最少。在不同水平的 2% NaCl 和葡萄糖的组合中，观察到最大的生物膜为 0.015%，无论弧菌菌株如何，生物膜最少，为 0.05%。添加超过最佳水平的盐和葡萄糖（2% 盐和 0.015% 葡萄糖，2% 盐）诱导了对弧菌生长和生物膜形成的连续抑制。在视觉评估中，在弧菌生长、生物膜形成、活/死细胞检测和群体感应方面观察到了类似的结果。